Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of 573 Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected People Who Use Illicit Drugs, Stratified by Presence of Transmitted Drug Resistance, Vancouver, Canada, 1996–2015
| Characteristic | Total, No. (%) (N = 573) | Transmitted Drug Resistance, No. (%) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n = 56) | No (n = 517) | |||
| Individual-level factors | ||||
| Age, y, median (IQR)a | 37 (31–44) | 41 (34–47) | 37 (30–43) | .003b |
| Male sex | 370 (64.6) | 42 (75.0) | 328 (63.4) | .086 |
| White race | 329 (57.4) | 31 (55.4) | 298 (57.6) | .743 |
| Injection drug usec | 545 (95.1) | 55 (98.2) | 490 (94.8) | .508d |
| HCV seropositivec | 485 (84.6) | 45 (80.4) | 440 (85.1) | .331 |
| HIV-related factors | ||||
| Recent HIV infection | 101 (17.6) | 4 (7.1) | 97 (18.8) | .027d |
| CD4 count, cells/μLa | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 380 (230–530) | 430 (290–560) | 380 (230–530) | .088b |
| Categories | ||||
| <200 | 114 (19.9) | 7 (12.5) | 107 (20.7) | .303 |
| 200–349 | 132 (23.0) | 12 (21.4) | 120 (23.2) | |
| 350–499 | 154 (26.9) | 15 (26.8) | 139 (26.9) | |
| ≥500 | 162 (28.3) | 21 (37.5) | 141 (27.3) | |
| Viral load, log10 copies/mLa | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 4.6 (4.0–5.0) | 4.2 (3.8–4.7) | 4.6 (4.0–5.0) | .012b |
| >5 | 168 (29.3) | 10 (17.9) | 158 (30.6) | .047 |
| Year of resistance test | ||||
| 1996–1999 | 128 (22.3) | 11 (19.6) | 117 (22.6) | .004 |
| 2000–2005 | 167 (29.1) | 8 (14.3) | 159 (30.8) | |
| 2006–2009 | 207(36.1) | 22 (39.3) | 185 (36.8) | |
| 2010–2015 | 71 (12.4) | 15 (26.8) | 56 (10.9) | |
| Structural-level factors | ||||
| Sex workc | 241 (42.1) | 19 (33.9) | 222 (42.9) | .194 |
| Incarcerationc | 480 (83.8) | 48 (85.7) | 432 (83.6) | .678 |
Abbreviations: HCV, hepatitis C virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IQR, interquartile range.
aAt the time of the genotypic resistance test.
bWilcoxon rank-sum test.
cRefers to lifetime behavior or exposure.
dFisher exact test.