(A). Schematic of serial doxorubicin administration protocol. FVB WT and ROCK1 deficient mice 8 to 9 weeks old received three serial injections weekly of normal saline (NS) or doxorubicin (DOX) (8 mg/kg). Mice were sacrificed on day 21 after the initial injection. (B). Representative short-axis echocardiograms from WT mice before each injection, and in 1 week after the 3rd dose. (C). Cardiac function in WT mice, but not in ROCK1 deficient mice, was significantly impaired on day 14, 1 week after the 2nd dose. FS, fractional shortening. (D). DOX significantly affected body weight on day 21 after the initial injection in both WT and ROCK1 deficient mice. N = 10-15 in each group. *p < 0.05 for DOX-injected vs. NS-injected mice. #p < 0.05 for DOX-treated ROCK1 deficient mice vs. DOX-injected WT mice.