Table 3.

Two-sample t-test results (H₀: μ₁ = μ₂).

Test	Extroversion			Agreeableness			Conscientiousness			Neuroticism			Openness
	Surgeon	Non-surgeon		Surgeon	Non-surgeon		Surgeon	Non-surgeon		Surgeon	Non-surgeon		Surgeon	Non-surgeon
Mean	55.65	56.11		76.41	68.47		75.14	66.20		58.55	49.27		72.37	66.80
Variance	466.31	423.52		257.85	241.91		242.75	304.58		435.01	412.97		233.38	256.08
Observations	599	386,375		599	386,375		599	386,375		599	386,375		599	386,375
Hypothesised mean difference	0			0			0			0			0
df	600			600			600			600			600
t Stat	–0.5199			12.105			14.0261			10.8769			8.925
P(T<=t) one-tail	0.3017			< 0.0001			< 0.0001			< 0.0001			0
t critical one-tail	1.6474			1.6474			1.6474			1.6474			1.6474
P(T<=t) two-tail	0.6033			< 0.0001			< 0.0001			< 0.0001			< 0.0001
t critical two-tail	1.9639			1.9639			1.9639			1.9639			1.9639