Table 2.
Changes of Eicosanoid Levels in Acute and Chronic Brain Disease
| Animal model | Human | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Disease injury | Protection | Ref. | Disease injury | Protection | Ref. | ||
| LOX | 5-HETE | ↑ (IS) ↑ (TBI) |
↓ (IS) | 12c, 60, 74r, 174r, 181r | ↑ (IS) | 50, 61, 88, 95, 105, 115, 155, 168 | |
| ↑ (SAH) | |||||||
| ↑ (TBI) | |||||||
| 8-HETE | ↑ (IS) | ↓ (IS) | 74r, 181r | ||||
| 9-HETE | ↑ (IS) | ↓ (IS) | 12c, 74r, 181r | ||||
| ↑ (TBI) | |||||||
| 11-HETE | ↑ (IS) | ↓ (IS) | 12c, 74r, 181r | ||||
| ↑ (TBI) | |||||||
| 12-HETE | ↑ (IS) | ↓ (IS) | 74r, 82m, 83r, 99d, 167r, 169m, 205m, 181r | ↑ (IS) | 61, 105, 137, 139, 201 | ||
| ↑ (TBI) | ↑ (SAH) | ||||||
| ↑ (AD) | ↑ (TBI) | ||||||
| ↑ (AD) | |||||||
| 15-HETE | ↑ (IS) | ↓ (IS) | 12c, 74r, 83r, 167r, 169m, 174r, 181r, 182m, 205m | ↑ (IS) ↑ (AD) |
105, 139, 201 | ||
| ↑ (TBI) | |||||||
| ↓ (AD) | |||||||
| P450 | 17-HETE | ↑ (AD) | 169m | ||||
| 18-HETE | ↑ (AD) | 169m | |||||
| 19-HETE | ↑ (TBI) | ↓ (IS) | 74r | ||||
| 20-HETE | ↑ (IS) | ↓ (IS) ↓ (SAH) |
30r, 51m, 53r, 74r, 80d, 99d, 146r, 119m, 122r, 132r, 138r, 145, 171r, 172r, 207r | ↑ (IS) | 47, 52, 62, 66, 99, 105, 110, 122, 137, 163, 190, 203, 204 | ||
| ↑ (SAH) | ↑ (SAH) | ||||||
| ↑ (TBI) | ↑ (VCI) | ||||||
| P450 | 5,6-EET | ↓ (AD) | ↑ (IS) | 7r, 74r, 214m | ↑ (IS) ↓ (VCI) |
118, 126, 190 | |
| ↑ (TIS) | |||||||
| ↑ (TBI) | |||||||
| 8,9-EET | ↓ (AD) | ↑ (IS) | 7r, 51m, 52m, 74r, 166m, 214m | ↑ (IS) ↓ (VCI) |
118, 126, 190 | ||
| ↑ (TIS) | |||||||
| ↑ (TBI) | |||||||
| 11,12-EET | ↓ (AD) | ↑ (IS) | 7r, 51m, 52m, 74r, 153r, 154r, 214m | ↑ (IS) ↓ (VCI) |
118, 126, 190 | ||
| ↑ (TIS) | |||||||
| ↑ (TBI) | |||||||
| ↑ (AD) | |||||||
| 14,15-EET | ↓ (AD) | ↑ (IS) | 7r, 51m, 52m, 74r, 100m, 214m–216r, 153, 154r | ↑ (IS) ↓ (SAH) ↓ (VCI) |
↑ (SAH) | 51, 100, 118, 126, 163, 190 | |
| ↑ (TIS) | |||||||
| ↑ (OGD) | |||||||
| ↑ (TBI) | |||||||
| ↑ (AD) | |||||||
When reported results did not specify regioisomers, an increase in HETEs or EETs is assumed to include all regioisomers listed in the table. Superscripts next to the references identify the animal species used in the cited studies, where c = cat, d = dog, m = mouse, and r = rat.
AD, Alzheimer's disease; IS, ischemic stroke; LOX, lipoxygenases; OGD, oxygen-glucose deprivation; SAH, subarachnoid hemorrhage; TBI, traumatic brain injury; TIS, transient ischemic stroke; VCI, vascular cognitive impairment.