Table 2.
In vitro effects of various MWs and concentrations of CS NPs on mortality of T. gondii tachyzoites using methylene blue stain
| MW of CS NPs | Concentration | Time (min)
|
P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30
|
60
|
120
|
180
|
|||
| Mean mortality ± SD | Mean mortality ± SD | Mean mortality ± SD | Mean mortality ± SD | |||
| LMW | 500 ppm (0.05%) | 31.7 ± 1.5 | 50.5 ± 1.8 | 81.1 ± 2.2 | 100 ± 0.0 | 0.016* |
| MMW | 29.4 ± 1.1 | 39.6 ± 1.2 | 85.5 ± 1.2 | 99.4 ± 1.04 | ||
| HMW | 27.5 ± 1.1 | 40.1 ± 1.4 | 55.3 ± 1.9 | 70.6 ± 1.2 | ||
| LMW | 1,000 ppm (0.1%) | 50 ± 1.5 | 65.5 ± 2.3 | 90.5 ± 2.4 | 100 ± 0.0 | 0.005* |
| MMW | 29.2 ± 1.2 | 50.4 ± 0.8 | 86.3 ± 0.9 | 100 ± 0.0 | ||
| HMW | 29.7 ± 1.2 | 50 ± 0.6 | 76.3 ± 0.9 | 85.9 ± 2.8 | ||
| LMW | 2,000 ppm (0.2%) | 67.3 ± 2.9 | 83.8 ± 2.4 | 100 ± 0.0 | 100 ± 0.0 | 0.002* |
| MMW | 31.8 ± 1.1 | 52.9 ± 1.2 | 89.5 ± 1.5 | 100 ± 0.0 | ||
| HMW | 30.5 ± 1.1 | 52.9 ± 1.2 | 89.5 ± 1.5 | 100 ± 0.0 | ||
| NC | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 2.0 ± 0.0 | 7 ± 1.7 | 9.3 ± 1.1 | ||
Notes: The proportion of nonviable tachyzoites was calculated using hemocytometer slide after adding various MWs of CS NPs and staining with methylene blue. The mortality rates were calculated using numbers of parasites in test and control groups. Values are given as the mean ± SD of three experiments.
*
Significant at P < 0.05; NC, negative control of normal saline with 1% (w/v) acetic acid.
Abbreviations: MWs, molecular weights; CS NPs, chitosan nanoparticles; LMW, low molecular weight; MMW, medium molecular weight; HMW, high molecular weight; NC, negative control; SD, standard deviation; T. gondii, Toxoplasma gondii.