TABLE 1.
Comparison of Primarily African American and Primarily White Treatment Programs
| Program variables | African American (n = 29) |
White (n = 38) |
t Test Sig. |
Cohen’s d |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment Implementation | ||||
| Staff mean (Tx implementation)a | 2.27 (.25) | 2.33 (.27) | ns | −0.21 |
| Staff consensus (Tx implementation)b | 0.71 (.11) | 0.78 (.10) | .008 | −0.71 |
| Client mean (Tx implementation)a | 2.04 (.27) | 2.08 (.36) | ns | −0.14 |
| Client consensus (Tx implementation)b | 0.35 (.10) | 0.41 (.14) | .056 | −0.49 |
| Combined consensus (Tx implementation)b | 0.78 (.24) | 0.83 (.20) | ns | −0.25 |
| Treatment climate | ||||
| Rated by clientsa | 1.51 (.17) | 1.59 (.18) | .055 | −0.48 |
| Rated by staffa | 1.52 (.16) | 1.67 (.14) | .001 | −0.96 |
| Financial resources | ||||
| Funding money per client (n = 44) | $33,272 ($45,756) | $21,171 ($16,314) | ns | 0.35 |
| Salary entry level counselor (n = 58) | $23,230 ($6,194) | $23,837 ($6,022) | ns | −0.10 |
| Financial flexibility (4 items)3 | 3.0 (.87) | 2.6 (.90) | ns | 0.40 |
| Financial assistance (8 items)3 | 2.9 (2.6) | 1.8 (1.9) | .050 | 0.50 |
| Staff credentials | ||||
| Staff educationb | 0.52 (.14) | 0.56 (.17) | ns | −0.26 |
| Staff experience in drug treatment field2 | 0.74 (.17) | 0.75 (.20) | ns | −0.08 |
| Staff trainingb | 0.41 (.23) | 0.36 (.22) | ns | 0.21 |
| Program characteristics | ||||
| Program size (average past 12 months) | 140 (189) | 119 (142) | ns | 0.12 |
| Staff tenure in programb | 0.65 (.33) | 0.81 (.23) | .033 | −0.57 |
| Client-to-staff ratio | 20:1 | 30:1 | ns | −0.35 |
| Program accepts Medicaid | 38% (49%) | 14% (35%) | .021 | 0.57 |
| Mandated by criminal justice system (% of clients) | 56% (32%) | 28% (25%) | .001 | 0.98 |
| Program atmosphere | ||||
| Client Rating of physical spacea | 1.52 (.25) | 1.86 (.25) | .001 | −1.36 |
| Staff rating of physical spacea | 1.89 (.50) | 2.23 (.32) | .001 | −0.81 |
| Program safety—client rating (5 items)c | 0.82 (.52) | 0.65 (.49) | ns | 0.33 |
| Program safety—staff rating (5 items)c | 1.25 (.81) | 1.35 (.84) | ns | −0.13 |
| Services provided: staff perspective | ||||
| Education/job services (8 items)c | 4.6 (1.7) | 3.2 (1.9) | .002 | 0.78 |
| Social skills training offered (7 items)c | 4.9 (1.2) | 4.8 (1.2) | ns | 0.18 |
| Ancillary services offered (8 items)c | 5.8 (1.1) | 5.1 (1.5) | .028 | 0.56 |
a
Range of scores: 0–3.
b
Range of index score: 0–1.
c
Count (number of items included in parentheses).
Tx = treatment; ns = not significant.