Table 4.
Adjusted odds ratios for sociodemographics and lifetime DSM-5 disorders excluding major depressive disorder, antisocial personality disorder, and borderline personality disorder, by contrast of violence categories.
| Contrast of Violence Categories | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Sociodemographics and DSM-5 disorders |
Self- directed vs. none |
Other- directed vs. none |
Combined vs. none |
Other- directed vs. self- directed |
Combined vs. self- directed |
Combined vs. other- directed |
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| OR | 95%C I | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | |
| Sociodemographics | ||||||||||||
| Gender | ||||||||||||
| Male | 1.0 | Ref. | 1.0 | Ref. | 1.0 | Ref. | 1.0 | Ref. | 1.0 | Ref. | 1.0 | Ref. |
| Female | 1.8* | 1.6–2.2 | 0.4* | 0.4–0.5 | 1.2 | 1.0–1.4 | 0.2* | 0.2–0.3 | 0.6* | 0.5–0.8 | 2.7* | 2.2–3.3 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 1.0 | Ref. | 1.0 | Ref. | 1.0 | Ref. | 1.0 | Ref. | 1.0 | Ref. | 1.0 | Ref. |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 0.8 | 0.7–1.0 | 1.6* | 1.5–1.8 | 1.2 | 0.9–1.7 | 2.0* | 1.7–2.5 | 1.6 | 1.1–2.2 | 0.8 | 0.6–1.0 |
| American Indian/Alaska Native, non-Hispanic | 1.2 | 0.8–1.8 | 2.2* | 1.6–2.9 | 1.3 | 0.8–2.0 | 1.8 | 1.1–2.9 | 1.0 | 0.6–1.9 | 0.6 | 0.4–0.9 |
| Asian/Native Hawaiian/Other | ||||||||||||
| Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic | 0.7 | 0.4–1.0 | 0.5* | 0.4–0.6 | 0.5* | 0.3–0.8 | 0.7 | 0.5–1.0 | 0.7 | 0.4–1.4 | 1.1 | 0.6–1.9 |
| Hispanic, any race | 1.0 | 0.9–1.2 | 0.9 | 0.8–1.0 | 0.9 | 0.7–1.1 | 0.8 | 0.7–1.0 | 0.9 | 0.7–1.2 | 1.1 | 0.9–1.3 |
| Age | ||||||||||||
| 18–25 | 1.4* | 1.1–1.8 | 1.4* | 1.2–1.6 | 1.9* | 1.4–2.6 | 1.0 | 0.7–1.3 | 1.3 | 1.0–1.8 | 1.4 | 1.0–1.9 |
| 26–34 | 1.5* | 1.2–1.8 | 1.4* | 1.3–1.6 | 1.9* | 1.5–2.5 | 1.0 | 0.8–1.2 | 1.3 | 1.0–1.7 | 1.3 | 1.0–1.8 |
| 35–49 | 1.3* | 1.1–1.5 | 1.5* | 1.3–1.7 | 2.0* | 1.6–2.6 | 1.2 | 1.0–1.4 | 1.6* | 1.2–2.0 | 1.4 | 1.1–1.7 |
| 50+ | 1.0 | Ref. | 1.0 | Ref. | 1.0 | Ref. | 1.0 | Ref. | 1.0 | Ref. | 1.0 | Ref. |
| Education | ||||||||||||
| Less than high school | 1.1 | 0.9–1.3 | 1.1 | 1.0–1.3 | 1.3 | 1.0–1.7 | 1.0 | 0.8–1.3 | 1.2 | 0.9–1.5 | 1.2 | 0.9–1.5 |
| High school graduate or GED | 1.1 | 0.9–1.2 | 1.1 | 1.0–1.2 | 1.3 | 1.1–1.6 | 1.0 | 0.9–1.2 | 1.2 | 1.0–1.5 | 1.2 | 0.9–1.5 |
| Some college or higher | 1.0 | Ref. | 1.0 | Ref. | 1.0 | Ref. | 1.0 | Ref. | 1.0 | Ref. | 1.0 | Ref. |
| Marital status | ||||||||||||
| Married | 1.0 | Ref. | 1.0 | Ref. | 1.0 | Ref. | 1.0 | Ref. | 1.0 | Ref. | 1.0 | Ref. |
| Divorced, separated, or widowed | 1.1 | 1.0–1.3 | 1.3* | 1.2–1.5 | 1.3 | 1.0–1.7 | 1.2 | 1.0–1.4 | 1.1 | 0.9–1.5 | 1.0 | 0.8–1.2 |
| Never married | 0.9 | 0.8–1.1 | 0.9 | 0.8–1.0 | 1.0 | 0.7–1.3 | 0.9 | 0.8–1.1 | 1.0 | 0.8–1.4 | 1.1 | 0.8–1.4 |
| Family income | ||||||||||||
| Less than $10,000 | 2.0* | 1.5–2.5 | 1.1 | 0.9–1.3 | 2.4* | 1.5–3.6 | 0.6* | 0.4–0.7 | 1.2 | 0.8–1.9 | 2.1* | 1.4–3.2 |
| $10,000–$29,999 | 1.5* | 1.3–1.9 | 1.1 | 1.0–1.3 | 2.3* | 1.6–3.2 | 0.7* | 0.6–0.9 | 1.5 | 1.0–2.2 | 2.0* | 1.5–2.8 |
| $30,000–$79,999 | 1.2 | 1.0–1.5 | 1.2* | 1.1–1.4 | 1.5 | 1.0–2.0 | 1.0 | 0.8–1.2 | 1.2 | 0.8–1.7 | 1.2 | 0.9–1.7 |
| $80,000 or more | 1.0 | Ref. | 1.0 | Ref. | 1.0 | Ref. | 1.0 | Ref. | 1.0 | Ref. | 1.0 | Ref. |
| Contrast of Violence Categories | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||||||||||
| Sociodemographics and DSM-5 disorders |
Self- directed vs. none |
Other- directed vs. none |
Combined vs. none |
Other- directed vs. self- directed |
Combined vs. self- directed |
Combined vs. other- directed |
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| OR | 95%C I | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | |
| Lifetime DSM-5 disorders | ||||||||||||
| Alcohol use disorder | 1.5* | 1.3–1.7 | 2.0* | 1.8–2.2 | 2.9* | 2.3–3.6 | 1.3* | 1.1–1.6 | 1.9* | 1.5–2.4 | 1.4* | 1.1–1.8 |
| Tobacco use disorder | 1.7* | 1.5–2.0 | 2.0* | 1.9–2.2 | 2.6* | 2.0–3.2 | 1.2 | 1.0–1.4 | 1.5* | 1.2–1.9 | 1.3 | 1.0–1.6 |
| Cannabis use disorder | 1.6* | 1.2–2.0 | 1.9* | 1.7–2.2 | 1.8* | 1.4–2.3 | 1.2 | 1.0–1.5 | 1.1 | 0.9–1.5 | 1.0 | 0.8–1.2 |
| Opioid use disorder | 1.7* | 1.2–2.4 | 1.6* | 1.2–2.1 | 2.1* | 1.5–3.0 | 0.9 | 0.7–1.3 | 1.3 | 0.9–1.8 | 1.3 | 1.0–1.8 |
| Other drug use disorders | 1.3 | 0.9–1.8 | 1.8* | 1.5–2.3 | 2.5* | 1.9–3.2 | 1.4 | 1.0–1.9 | 1.9* | 1.4–2.6 | 1.3 | 1.0–1.8 |
| Mood disorders | ||||||||||||
| None | 1.0 | Ref. | 1.0 | Ref. | 1.0 | Ref. | 1.0 | Ref. | 1.0 | Ref. | 1.0 | Ref. |
| Persistent depressive disorder | 4.2* | 3.5–5.1 | 1.3* | 1.1–1.5 | 3.6* | 2.6–4.9 | 0.3* | 0.2–0.4 | 0.9 | 0.6–1.2 | 2.8* | 2.0–3.8 |
| Bipolar 1 disorder | 2.2* | 1.5–3.3 | 1.7* | 1.2–2.3 | 3.5* | 2.4–4.9 | 0.7 | 0.5–1.1 | 1.6 | 1.0–2.4 | 2.1* | 1.5–3.0 |
| Panic disorder | 1.4* | 1.1–1.8 | 1.1 | 0.9–1.4 | 1.5 | 1.1–2.1 | 0.8 | 0.6–1.0 | 1.1 | 0.8–1.4 | 1.4 | 1.0–1.9 |
| Agoraphobia | 1.5 | 1.1–2.0 | 1.1 | 0.9–1.5 | 1.6 | 1.1–2.4 | 0.8 | 0.5–1.1 | 1.1 | 0.7–1.7 | 1.4 | 1.0–2.1 |
| Specific phobia | 1.0 | 0.8–1.4 | 1.0 | 0.8–1.2 | 1.0 | 0.8–1.3 | 1.0 | 0.7–1.3 | 0.9 | 0.7–1.3 | 1.0 | 0.8–1.3 |
| Social phobia | 1.4* | 1.1–1.8 | 0.8 | 0.7–1.0 | 1.0 | 0.7–1.3 | 0.6* | 0.4–0.8 | 0.7 | 0.5–0.9 | 1.1 | 0.8–1.6 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 1.4* | 1.1–1.7 | 1.2* | 1.1–1.4 | 1.3 | 1.0–1.7 | 0.9 | 0.7–1.1 | 0.9 | 0.7–1.2 | 1.0 | 0.8–1.4 |
| Posttraumatic stress disorder | 2.6* | 2.1–3.2 | 2.0* | 1.7–2.4 | 3.2* | 2.6–4.1 | 0.8 | 0.6–1.0 | 1.2 | 1.0–1.5 | 1.6* | 1.3–2.0 |
| Schizotypal personality disorder | 2.7* | 2.2–3.4 | 2.7* | 2.3–3.2 | 5.0* | 4.0–6.2 | 1.0 | 0.8–1.2 | 1.8* | 1.4–2.3 | 1.8* | 1.5–2.3 |
*
p < 0.01.
Note: All the covariates are significant (p<0.01), except education (p=0.1136), lifetime panic disorder (p=0.0171), agoraphobia (p=0.0464), specific phobia (p= 0.9893).