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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Neurochem. 2017 Nov 6;144(5):634–643. doi: 10.1111/jnc.14218

Figure 7.

Figure 7

Schematic diagram of hypthetical injury cascade. The early insult involves hypertension, endotheilial dysfunction and genetic factors. The damaged blood vessels reduce cerebral blood flow causing hypoxia, which triggers hypoxia inducibe factor-1α (HIF-1α). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), microglia activation and angiogenesis are induced by HIF-1α. Tissue damage occurs from blood-brain barrier opening (BBB) with vasogenic edema. As the vessel wall is remodeled, gliosis and fibrosis result, leading to cell death. Ultimately cognitive function is impaired.