TABLE 2.

Components of the scoring system used to select patients most likely to have SIVD-BD

Features used in scale scores	BDS	PCA/EFA
I. Clinical features (4 points if present)*
1. Hypertension (HTN)	X
2. Diabetes mellitus (DM)	X
3. Hyper-reflexia (REF)	X
4. Imbalance (GAIT)	X
II. Neuropsychological testing (1 point)
5. Executive <45 (Exec T score)†	X	X
III. Metabolites in WM (1H-MRSI) (1 point)
6. N-acetylaspartate (NAA)<1212	X	X
7. Choline (CHO)		X
8. Creatine and phosphocreatine (CR)		X
IV. Inflammation and BBB (3 points)
9. Albumin index >6.0 (albumin ratio)	X	X
10. BBB permeability Ki >0.001813	X	X
11. MMP-2 index <0.0118	X	X
12. MMP-9 index		X
V. Alzheimer’s biomarkers (1 point)
13. Aβ42/log(P-τ181) >150	X	X

Two scales were shown: (1) a 10-point Binswanger Disease Score (BDS) with one point for each feature; and (2) the Principal Component Analysis/Exploratory Factor Analysis (PCA/EFA).

^*Points are used in calculation of the BDS with score of 6 or greater suggestive of BD.

^†Cut-off determined from control sample.

Aβ42, amyloid-β1–42; BBB, blood-brain barrier; BD, Binswanger disease; BDS, Binswanger disease score; EFA, exploratory factor analysis; ¹H-MRSI, proton MR spectroscopic imaging; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; P-τ181, phosphorylated-τ181; PCA, principal component analysis; WM, white matter. (See (Rosenberg et al. 2015) for discussion of use of BDS and EFA.)