. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2018 Jan 10;66(3):532–538. doi: 10.1111/jgs.15256

Table 1.

Cohort Characteristics by Chronic Kidney Disease Stage

Characteristic	No CKD n= 356458	Stage 3 CKD n=339278	Stage 4 CKD n=15167	Stage 5 CKD n=2014
Age, mean (SD)	70.9 (6.3)	75.1 (6.4)^**	75.6 (6.8)^**	73.5 (6.4)^**
Black Race, n (%)	33299 (9.3%)	18371 (5.4%)^**	1507 (9.9%)^*	423 (21.0%)^**
Body Mass Index, mean (SD)	28.7 (5.1)	28.7 (4.8)	28.3 (5.1)^**	27.5 (4.9)^**
Current Smoking, n (%)	80112 (22.5%)	64687 (19.1%)^**	3085 (20.3%)^**	481 (23.9%)^**
Chronic Alcohol Use, n (%)	65185 (18.3%)	56457 (16.6%)^**	2507 (16.5%)^**	333 (16.5%)^*
Chronic Steroid use, n (%)	5936 (1.7%)	5664 (1.7%)	305 (2.0%)^*	45 (2.2%)
Rheumatoid Arthritis, n (%)	2315 (0.7%)	1750 (0.5%)^**	61 (0.4%)^*	6 (0.3%)
Hyperthyroidism, n (%)	4060 (1.1%)	4794 (1.4%)^**	245 (1.6%)^**	33 (1.6%)^*
Diabetes, n (%)	108647 (30.5%)	124345 (36.7%)^**	7855 (51.8%)^**	1140 (56.6%)^**
Chronic Lung Disease, n (%)	85937 (24.1%)	90906 (26.8%)^**	4514 (29.8%)^**	585 (29.1%)^**
Chronic Liver disease, n (%)	27378 (7.7%)	25229 (7.4%)^**	1673 (11.0%)^**	401 (19.9%)^**
Malabsorption, n (%)	1178 (0.3%)	1453 (0.4%)^**	120 (0.8%)^**	67 (3.3%)^**
10-Yr Probability of Major Fracture (FRAX), mean (SD)	5.5 (2.7)	6.6 (3.0)^**	6.8 (3.3)^**	6.3 (3.5)^**

P value refers to comparison of each CKD Stage to the reference group (no CKD which is defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 60ml/min/1.73m²).

P < .05.

^**

P ≤ .0001.