Table 1.
Clinical Characteristics in the Training Set and the Validation Sets.
| Variables | Training set(n=298) | Validation set(n=272) | p value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (male/female) | 161/137 (54.0) | 196/76 (72.0) | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 71 (64-76) | 72.0 (65-76) | 0.276 |
| Performance status (0/1) | 283/15 (95.0) | 257/15 (94.5) | 0.797 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.9 (21.0-25.4) | 23.0 (21.0-25.7) | 0.809 |
| INR | 1.13 (1.06-1.23) | 1.11 (1.04-1.19) | 0.003 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.7 (3.3-4.1) | 3.7 (3.3-4.0) | 0.550 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.8 (0.6-1.1) | 0.7 (0.5-1.0) | 0.002 |
| AST (IU/L) | 52 (37-69) | 50.5 (37-67) | 0.711 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 41 (29-65) | 44.5 (27-64.5)) | 0.936 |
| Platelet counts (×104/μL) | 9.6 (7.2-13.9) | 9.6 (7.2-14.1) | 0.922 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.77 (0.62-0.90) | 0.77 (0.67-0.89) | 0.307 |
| Child-Pugh score | 5 (5-6) | 5 (5-6) | 0.816 |
| MELD | 8 (7-10) | 8 (7-9) | 0.040 |
| Anti-HCV (+/-) | 223/75 (74.8) | 219/53 (80.5) | 0.104 |
| HBsAg (+/-) | 28/270 (9.4) | 23/249 (8.5) | 0.694 |
| AFP (>50/≤50 ng/mL) | 70/228 (23.5) | 62/210 (22.8) | 0.844 |
| DCP (>400/≤400 mAU/mL) | 10/288 (3.4) | 17/255 (6.3) | 0.104 |
| No. of nodules (1/2/3) | 233/50/15 | 198/58/16 | 0.319 |
| Size of largest tumor (mm) | 17.0 (15.0-20.3) | 16.0 (13.0-20.0) | 0.125 |
| CLIP score (0/1/2/3) | 174/99/24/1 | 147/108/15/2 | 0.631 |
| Okuda score (0/1/2/3) | 248/44/5/1 | 218/42/11/1 | 0.187 |
| JIS score (0/1/2/3) | 128/125/43/2 | 121/107/38/6 | 0.864 |
| TNM stage(I/II/III) | 169/111/18 | 152/97/23 | 0.538 |
| BCLC stage(0/A/C) | 159/124/15 | 117/144/11 | 0.055 |
Data are expressed as the median (interquartile range) or n (%). *Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square test were used to analyze the differences in background and biochemical data between the two groups. p<0.05 indicated a significant difference. BMI: body mass index, INR: international normalized ratio, AST: aspartate aminotransferase, ALT: alanine aminotransferase, MELD: model for end-stage liver disease, Anti-HCV: antibody to hepatitis C virus, HBsAg: hepatitis B surface antigen, AFP: alpha-fetoprotein, DCP: des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin, CLIP: Cancer of the Liver Italian Program, JIS: Japan Integrated Staging, TNM: tumor-node-metastasis staging system developed by Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan, BCLC: Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer