Table 1.
The Demographics and Characteristics of the Patients in Single-stage Endoscopic Stone Removal and Two-stage Endoscopic Stone Removal Groups.
| Single-stage endoscopic stone removal | Two-stage endoscopic stone removal | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Significant in the univariate analysis | |||
| Biliary stent placement (Yes/no) | 63 (18.3%)/51 (14.8%) | 225 (65.2%)/6 (1.7%) | <0.0001 |
| Indication for ERCP (Asymptomatic/symptomatic) | 35(10.1%)/79 (22.9%) | 29 (8.4%)/202 (58.6%) | 0.0001 |
| Serum bilirubin (Normal/elevated) | 64 (18.6%)/50 (14.5%) | 81 (23.5%)/150 (43.5%) | 0.0003 |
| Pancreatic stent placement (Yes/no) | 3 (0.87%)/111 (32.8%) | 45 (13.0%)/186 (53.9%) | <0.0001 |
| Time of deep cannulation (≤10 min/>10 min) | 87(25.2%)/27(7.8%) | 149(43.2%)/82(23.8%) | 0.027 |
| Endoscopist’s experience (Expert/intermediate/trainee) | 42(12.2%)/38(11.0%)/34 (9.9%) | 126 (36.5%)/55(15.9%)/50 (14.5%) | 0.0083 |
| Antibiotics (Yes/no) | 64 (18.6%)/50 (14.5%) | 174 (50.4%)/57 (16.5%) | 0.0005 |
| Pancreatic injection (Yes/no) | 45 (13.0%)/69 (20.0%) | 131 (38.0%)/100 (29.0%) | 0.0029 |
| Stone size (<10 mm/≥10 mm) | 97 (28.1%)/17 (4.9%) | 169 (49.0%)/62 (18.0%) | 0.014 |
| Diameter of common bile duct (<10 mm/≥10 mm) | 65 (18.8%)/49 (14.2%) | 89 (25.8%)/142 (41.2%) | 0.0013 |
| Not significant | |||
| Age (<75 yr/≥75 yr) | 67 (19.4%)/47 (13.6%) | 115 (33.3%)/116 (33.6%) | 0.14 |
| Gender(M/F) | 64 (18.6%)/50 (14.5%) | 129 (37.4%)/102 (29.6%) | 1.0 |
| History of abdominal surgery (No surgery/Billroth I) | 113 (32.8%)/1 (0.29%) | 227 (65.8%)/4 (1.2%) | 1.0 |
| Coexisting illness (Yes/no) | 47 (13.6%)/67 (19.4%) | 114 (33.0%)/117 (33.9%) | 0.17 |
| Antithrombotic drug (Yes/no) | 28 (8.1%)/86 (24.9%) | 53 (15.4%)/178 (51.6%) | 0.79 |
| Chemoprevention (Yes/no) | 40 (11.6%)/74 (21.5%) | 72 (20.9%)/159 (46.1%) | 0.47 |
| Sphincterotomy technique (EST ± precut)/EPBD | 102 (29.6%)/12 (3.5%) | 211 (61.2%)/20 (5.8%) | 0.56 |
| Stone number (≤1/≥2) | 73 (21.2%)/41 (11.9%) | 160 (46.4%)/71 (20.6%) | 0.33 |
| Gallstones (Absence/presence) | 39 (11.3%)/75(21.7%) | 85 (24.6%)/146(42.3%) | 0.72 |
| Gallbladder (Post-cholecystecomy/presence) | 10 (2.9%)/104(30.1%) | 25 (7.3%)/206(59.7%) | 0.71 |
ERCP: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, EST: endoscopic sphincterotomy, EPBD: endoscopic papillary balloon dilation