Table 2.
Univariate Analyses of Risk Factors for ERCP-related Complications.
| With complications | Without complications | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Significant by univariate analysis | |||
| Indication of ERCP (Symptomatic/asymptomatic) | 14 (4.1%)/18 (5.2%) | 267 (77.4%)/46 (13.3%) | <0.0001 |
| Time of deep cannulation (≤10 min/>10 min) | 15 (4.4%)/17 (4.9%) | 221 (64.1%)/92 (26.7%) | 0.0088 |
| Serum bilirubin (Normal/elevated) | 21 (6.1%)/11 (3.2%) | 124 (35.9%)/189 (54.8%) | 0.0076 |
| Biliary stent placement (Yes/no) | 20 (5.8%)/12 (3.5%) | 268 (77.7%)/45 (13.0%) | 0.0022 |
| Antibiotics (Yes/no) | 17 (4.9%)/15 (4.4%) | 221 (64.1%)/92 (26.7%) | 0.047 |
| Not significant | |||
| Single-stage endoscopic stone removal (Yes/no) | 15 (4.4%)/17 (4.9%) | 99 (28.7%)/214 (62.0%) | 0.11 |
| Age (<75 yr/≥75 yr) | 13 (3.8%)/19(5.5%) | 169 (49.0%)/144(41.7%) | 0.19 |
| Gender (M/F) | 18 (5.2%)/14(4.1%) | 175 (50.7%)/138(40.0%) | 1.00 |
| Endoscopist’s experience (Expert/intermediate/trainee) | 15 (4.6%)/9(2.6%) / 8 (2.3%) | 153 (44.4%)/84 (24.4%) / 76 (22.0%) | 0.98 |
| History of abdominal surgery (No surgery/Billroth I) | 32 (9.3%)/0 (0%) | 308 (89.3%)/5 (1.5%) | 1.0 |
| Coexisting illness (Yes/No) | 16 (4.6%)/16(4.6%) | 145 (42.0%)/168 (48.7%) | 0.71 |
| Antithrombotic drug (Yes/no) | 8 (2.3%)/24 (7.0%) | 73 (21.2%)/240 (69.6%) | 0.83 |
| Chemoprevention (Yes/no) | 6 (1.7%)/26 (7.5%) | 106 (30.7%)/207 (60.0%) | 0.11 |
| Sphincterotomy technique (EST ± precut/EPBD) | 28 (8.1%)/4 (1.2%) | 285 (82.6%)/28 (8.1%) | 0.52 |
| Pancreatic injection (Yes/no) | 19 (5.5%)/13(3.8%) | 157 (45.5%)/156 (45.2%) | 0.36 |
| Pancreatic stent placement (Yes/no) | 7 (2.0%)/25 (7.3%) | 41 (11.9%)/272 (78.8%) | 0.18 |
| Stone number (≤1/≥2) | 26 (7.5%)/6 (1.7%) | 207 (60.0%)/106 (30.7%) | 0.11 |
| Stone size (<10 mm/≥10 mm) | 25 (7.3%)/7 (2.0%) | 241 (69.9%)/72 (20.9%) | 1.0 |
| Diameter of common bile duct (<10 mm/≥10 mm) | 17 (4.9%)/15 (4.4%) | 137 (39.7%)/176 (51.0%) | 0.35 |
| Gallstones (absence/presence) | 12 (3.5%)/20 (5.8%) | 112 (32.5%)/201 (58.3%) | 0.85 |
| Gallbladder (Post-cholecystecomy/presence) | 4 (1.2%)/28 (8.1%) | 31 (9.0%)/282 (81.7%) | 0.55 |
ERCP: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, EST: endoscopic sphincterotomy, EPBD: endoscopic papillary balloon dilation