Table.
DAVF-CCJ Patients with Brainstem Dysfunction.
| Reference | Sex and age (y) | Clinical features | Time from onset to surgical treatment | Primary clinical diagnosis | Treatment | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | M, 73 | Dizziness, vomiting, tetraparesis, dyspnea, unconsciousness, bowel and bladder dysfunction | 1 year | Cerebral infarction | Embolization | Improved |
| 5 | M, 69 | Dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, dysuria, bulbar palsy, tetraparesis, respiratory failure, unconsciousness | 1 month | Brainstem infarction | Embolization, open surgical occlusion | Improved |
| 6 | F, 46 | Vertigo, nausea, gait disturbance, dysphagia, ataxia | 1 month | Brainstem infarction | Embolization | Recovered completely |
| 7 | F, 58 | Occipital neuralgia, tetraparesis, hiccups, bulbar palsy, dyspnea | 2 months | DAVF-CCJ | Embolization, suboccipital craniotomy | Improved |
| 8 | M, 43 | Double vision, hiccups, bulbar palsy, motor weakness, ataxia, dysuria | no data | DAVF-CCJ | Embolization | Recovered completely |
| Present case | M, 63 | Vomiting, dysuria, tetraparesis, bulbar palsy, orthostatic hypotension, respiratory failure | 6 months | DAVF-CCJ | Embolization | Improved |
DAVF-CCJ: dural arteriovenous fistula at the craniocervical junction, F: female, M: male