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. 2018 Mar 13;8:4448. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-22791-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Neonatal mice show erythropoietin (EPO)-deficiency anemia of prematurity. (a) Serum EPO decreased from E18 to P1 reflecting postnatal oxygenation (n = 6). (b) EPO mRNA also decreased after birth not only in the liver but in the kidney (n = 6). (c–f) Postnatal RBC counts, hematocrit levels, hemoglobin levels, and EPO. The same degree of anemia was observed at P7 and P14 (n = 6) (c–e). Regardless of the same degree of anemia, serum EPO and renal EPO mRNA at P7 were much lower than those at P14. (n = 6) (f,g). Error bars indicate SEM. *P < 0.05 by t-test or Tukey-Kramer test. RBC, red blood cells; n.s., not significant. In the graphs of mRNA expression, arbitrary unit is used for vertical axis.