Table 3.
Chemical composition of sorghum starch
| Variables | Y 1 | Y 2 (%) | Y 3 (%) | Y 4 (%) | Y 5 (%) | Y 6 (%) | Y 7 (%) | Y 8 (%) | Y 9 (kcal) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| X 1 (h) | X 2 (°C) | X 3 (min) | Exp | Pred | Exp | Pred | Exp | Pred | Exp | Pred | Exp | Pred | Exp | Pred | Exp | Pred | Exp | Pred | Exp | Pred |
| 12 | 60 | 30 | 5.40gh(0.00) | 5.43 | 20.90a(0.03) | 21.97 | 14.23i(0.00) | 14.38 | 5.08bc(0.02) | 5.18 | 0.42a(0.02) | 0.43 | 1.51e(0.02) | 1.57 | 2.80g(0.08) | 2.42 | 75.96f(0.03) | 75.88 | 349.36e(0.10) | 346.75 |
| 48 | 60 | 30 | 3.80d(0.00) | 3.85 | 25.09d(0.01) | 24.78 | 14.71j(0.00) | 14.46 | 6.48f(0.02) | 6.48 | 0.55fg(0.01) | 0.53 | 1.84j(0.02) | 1.64 | 2.16d(0.09) | 2.43 | 74.26b(0.99) | 74.47 | 342.40a(0.08) | 344.99 |
| 12 | 70 | 30 | 5.40gh(0.03) | 5.50 | 29.00i(0.00) | 28.71 | 13.80h(0.29) | 13.46 | 5.07bc(0.01) | 4.91 | 0.46bc(0.01) | 0.47 | 1.62 fg(0.21) | 1.52 | 1.49a(0.10) | 2.14 | 77.59 m(0.27) | 77.49 | 344.05b(0.15) | 349.65 |
| 48 | 70 | 30 | 3.60c(0.14) | 3.54 | 29.95k(0.07) | 29.90 | 12.10ab(0.10) | 12.57 | 6.49f(0.01) | 6.66 | 0.68j(0.01) | 0.67 | 1.40d(0.00) | 1.58 | 1.50ab(0.10) | 1.41 | 77.87n(0.10) | 77.28 | 350.94gh(0.11) | 347.72 |
| 12 | 60 | 180 | 5.30g(0.14) | 5.37 | 29.94k(0.07) | 30.02 | 13.24ef(0.00) | 12.80 | 5.03a(0.02) | 4.88 | 0.48cd(0.01) | 0.49 | 1.74hi(0.02) | 1.59 | 3.36j(1.06) | 3.38 | 76.13 g(2.59) | 76.72 | 354.88jk(0.22) | 357.51 |
| 48 | 60 | 180 | 3.80d(0.00) | 3.71 | 24.96k(0.01) | 25.28 | 12.00a(0.00) | 12.37 | 6.49f(0.01) | 6.66 | 0.68j(0.01) | 0.67 | 1.51e(0.01) | 1.64 | 5.20k(1.00) | 4.47 | 74.11a(0.01) | 74.22 | 369.20n(0.09) | 363.00 |
| 12 | 70 | 180 | 5.50h(0.00) | 5.46 | 29.05ij(0.07) | 29.39 | 13.00c(0.00) | 13.29 | 5.09cd(0.01) | 5.10 | 0.44ab(0.01) | 0.46 | 1.33c(0.02) | 1.53 | 2.90i(0.09) | 2.55 | 77.22k(0.03) | 77.02 | 355.34l(0.13) | 352.15 |
| 48 | 70 | 180 | 3.44b(0.07) | 3.41 | 24.07ij(0.02) | 23.03 | 12.00a(0.00) | 11.88 | 7.40h(0.06) | 7.32 | 0.75k(0.01) | 0.74 | 1.62 fg(0.01) | 1.56 | 2.60f(0.08) | 2.90 | 75.61c(0.37) | 75.70 | 355.44lm(0.04) | 357.46 |
| 12 | 65 | 105 | 5.30g(0.00) | 5.15 | 29.05ij(0.07) | 27.85 | 13.21de(0.02) | 13.55 | 5.05ab(0.07) | 5.26 | 0.46bc(0.04) | 0.42 | 1.51e(0.00) | 1.51 | 2.31e(1.06) | 1.96 | 77.45 l(0.09) | 77.24 | 350.79fg(0.09) | 348.36 |
| 48 | 65 | 105 | 3.20a(0.00) | 3.34 | 25.01cd(0.01) | 26.08 | 13.34gh(0.01) | 12.88 | 7.27 g(0.06) | 7.02 | 0.56gh(0.01) | 0.61 | 1.61f(0.01) | 1.56 | 1.49a(1.00) | 2.14 | 75.71d(0.05) | 75.88 | 345.33c(0.08) | 350.14 |
| 30 | 60 | 105 | 4.00e(0.00) | 3.95 | 27.31gh(0.01) | 26.15 | 13.29ef(0.01) | 13.46 | 5.26d(0.01) | 5.15 | 0.52ef(0.01) | 0.53 | 1.40d(0.01) | 1.57 | 1.91c(0.90) | 2.73 | 77.10jk(0.62) | 76.27 | 346.33d(0.11) | 350.22 |
| 30 | 70 | 105 | 3.80d(0.00) | 3.84 | 27.37gh(0.01) | 28.40 | 13.05cd(0.07) | 12.76 | 5.28de(0.01) | 5.35 | 0.58hi(0.01) | 0.58 | 1.73h(0.01) | 1.51 | 2.32e(1.02) | 1.80 | 77.03j(0.09) | 77.82 | 350.12f(0.05) | 348.91 |
| 30 | 65 | 30 | 4.20f(0.07) | 4.09 | 27.17g(0.24) | 26.75 | 14.31j(0.01) | 14.28 | 5.28de(0.01) | 5.17 | 0.50de(0.01) | 0.51 | 1.14a(0.01) | 1.21 | 2.85h(0.19) | 2.39 | 75.90e(0.07) | 76.46 | 350.37f(0.03) | 348.01 |
| 30 | 65 | 180 | 3.90de(0.03) | 4.00 | 27.04e(0.01) | 27.34 | 13.25ef(0.01) | 13.15 | 5.29de(0.01) | 5.35 | 0.58hi(0.01) | 0.58 | 1.33c(0.02) | 1.21 | 2.85h(0.77) | 3.61 | 76.68h(0.03) | 76.09 | 353.53i(0.10) | 358.27 |
| X 1 (h) | X 2 (°C) | X 3 (min) | Exp | Pred | Exp | Pred | Exp | Pred | Exp | Pred | Exp | Pred | Exp | Pred | Exp | Pred | Exp | Pred | Exp | Pred |
| 30 | 65 | 105 | 3.80d(0.02) | 3.82 | 27.07ef(1.85) | 27.32 | 13.20d(0.01) | 13.45 | 5.29de(0.01) | 5.38 | 0.54 fg(0.04) | 0.53 | 1.24b(0.01) | 1.35 | 2.90i(0.85) | 2.30 | 76.82i(0.05) | 76.89 | 354.54j(0.11) | 349.78 |
X 1—steeping duration; X 2—drying temperature; X 3—drying duration, Y 1—pH, Y 2—amylose content, Y 3—moisture content, Y 4—protein content, Y 5—ash content, Y 6—crude fiber, Y 7—fat content, Y 8—carbohydrate content, and Y 9—total energy; Exp—experimental value; Pre—predicted value. Values in parentheses represent the standard deviation of triplicate measurements. Means with no common letters within a column significantly differ (p < .05).