Table 3.

Changes in wrinkles with time following treatment in the Koji and placebo groups

					Wrinkles evaluation (subtracted values)
					4 weeks of ingestion		8 weeks of ingestion		12 weeks of ingestion		4 weeks after ingestion ended
Item	Unit	Area	Group	n	Mean ± SE	p	Mean ± SE	p	Mean ± SE	p	Mean ± SE	p
Area rate	μm2/mm2/100	5 mm	Koji	34	0.072 ± 0.109	0.535	0.084 ± 0.077	0.765	0.301 ± 0.087	0.574	0.134 ± 0.138	0.797
			Placebo	34	0.171 ± 0.114		0.048 ± 0.096		0.211 ± 0.131		0.188 ± 0.154
Volume rate	μm3/mm2/100		Koji	34	1.87 ± 1.99	0.553	0.95 ± 1.24	0.865	5.89 ± 1.92	0.730	2.19 ± 2.44	0.460
			Placebo	34	3.61 ± 2.13		1.37 ± 2.15		4.64 ± 3.03		5.17 ± 3.16
Average depth (total wrinkle)	μm		Koji	34	0.551 ± 0.999	0.652	−0.041 ± 0.925	0.307	3.124 ± 1.305	0.669	1.775 ± 1.329	0.288
			Placebo	34	1.234 ± 1.136		1.665 ± 1.384		2.323 ± 1.330		3.709 ± 1.221
Average depth (max wrinkle)	μm		Koji	34	0.675 ± 1.891	0.794	−0.265 ± 1.567	0.468	3.636 ± 1.925	0.914	1.919 ± 2.038	0.107
			Placebo	34	1.378 ± 1.885		1.588 ± 2.004		3.940 ± 2.021		6.750 ± 2.137
Max depth (max wrinkle)	μm		Koji	34	25.365 ± 14.635	0.776	−16.191 ± 10.780	0.876	9.040 ± 11.749	0.805	15.867 ± 13.850	0.226
			Placebo	34	18.872 ± 17.518		−13.511 ± 13.274		13.749 ± 14.984		42.092 ± 16.424
Number of wrinkles	N/mm		Koji	34	−0.003 ± 0.010	0.761	0.006 ± 0.009	0.327	0.007 ± 0.010	0.860	0.006 ± 0.013	0.559
			Placebo	34	0.001 ± 0.010		−0.007 ± 0.009		0.005 ± 0.009		−0.004 ± 0.011
Area rate	μm2/mm2/100	10 mm	Koji	34	0.050 ± 0.084	0.989	0.064 ± 0.080	0.617	0.254 ± 0.080	0.410	0.246 ± 0.113	0.284
			Placebo	34	0.052 ± 0.084		0.136 ± 0.121		0.160 ± 0.082		0.095 ± 0.080
Volume rate	μm3/mm2/100		Koji	34	1.01 ± 1.23	0.890	0.89 ± 1.13	0.530	4.34 ± 1.40	0.290	3.70 ± 1.72	0.323
			Placebo	34	0.77 ± 1.23		2.40 ± 2.13		2.34 ± 1.21		1.58 ± 1.24
Average depth (total wrinkle)	μm		Koji	34	0.665 ± 0.725	0.540	0.790 ± 1.062	0.726	3.214 ± 0.978	0.035*	2.147 ± 1.116	0.371
			Placebo	34	0.027 ± 0.739		1.376 ± 1.290		0.378 ± 0.882		0.822 ± 0.951
Max depth (total wrinkle)	μm		Koji	34	−1.388 ± 6.861	0.947	−9.655 ± 7.375	0.395	2.577 ± 9.238	0.958	−2.691 ± 6.840	0.510
			Placebo	34	−0.707 ± 7.562		−0.426 ± 7.884		3.220 ± 8.099		4.344 ± 8.147
Number of wrinkles	N/mm		Koji	34	−0.006 ± 0.011	0.745	0.003 ± 0.011	0.939	0.012 ± 0.012	0.614	0.013 ± 0.013	0.468
			Placebo	34	−0.001 ± 0.011		0.002 ± 0.009		0.020 ± 0.011		0.000 ± 0.011

Note: A significant difference (p < 0.05) in average wrinkle depth was found at the spot 10-mm from the corner of the eye at 12 weeks, (unpaired Student’s t-test between the two groups).