Table 3.
Association Between Marijuana Use, White Blood Cell Count, and Cardiovascular Events
| Cardiovascular Events | Unadjusted Models | Adjusted Model 1 | Adjusted Model 2 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predictor | Controls (n = 370), n (%) | Cases (n = 44), n (%) | OR (95% CI) | P Value | OR (95% CI) | P Value | OR (95% CI) | P Value |
| Marijuana use | ||||||||
| None/occasional | 313 (84.6) | 30 (68.2) | 1.00 (Ref.) | — | 1.00 (Ref.) | — | 1.00 (Ref.) | — |
| Heavya | 57 (15.4) | 14 (31.8) | 2.56 (1.28, 5.13) | .008 | 2.51 (1.18, 5.31) | .016 | 2.31 (1.08, 4.93) | .031 |
| Cigarette smoking | ||||||||
| None/light | 261 (70.5) | 21 (47.7) | 1.00 (Ref.) | — | 1.00 (Ref.) | — | 1.00 (Ref.) | — |
| Moderate/heavyb | 109 (29.5) | 23 (52.3) | 2.62 (1.39, 4.94) | .007 | 2.55 (1.29, 5.04) | .007 | 2.06 (1.01, 4.17) | .045 |
| Age | ||||||||
| 40–44 | 86 (23.2) | 5 (11.4) | 1.00 (Ref.) | — | 1.00 (Ref.) | — | 1.00 (Ref.) | — |
| 45–60 | 284 (76.8) | 39 (88.6) | 2.36 (0.9, 6.18) | .080 | 3.35 (1.18, 9.57) | .024 | 3.10 (1.06, 9.05) | .039 |
| Traditional risk factorsc | ||||||||
| 0–1 | 295 (79.7) | 29 (65.9) | 1.00 (Ref.) | — | 1.00 (Ref.) | — | 1.00 (Ref.) | — |
| 2–3 | 75 (20.3) | 15 (34.1) | 2.03 (1.04, 3.99) | .039 | 2.59 (1.23, 5.43) | .012 | 2.44 (1.15, 5.18) | .020 |
| HIV viral load (copies/mL) | ||||||||
| <400 | 311 (84.1) | 27 (61.4) | 1.00 (Ref.) | — | 1.00 (Ref.) | — | 1.00 (Ref.) | — |
| ≥400 | 59 (16.0) | 17 (38.6) | 3.32 (1.70, 6.47) | <.001 | 3.73 (1.80, 7.72) | <.001 | 4.83 (2.23, 10.48) | <.001 |
| WBC count—quartiles (cells/µL) | ||||||||
| <4500 | 93 (25.1) | 5 (11.4) | 1.00 (Ref.) | — | — | — | 1.00 (Ref.) | — |
| 4500–5499 | 108 (29.2) | 9 (20.4) | 1.55 (0.5, 4.79) | .445 | — | — | 1.69 (0.51, 5.66) | .390 |
| 5500–6499 | 73 (19.7) | 8 (18.2) | 2.04 (0.64, 6.49) | .228 | — | — | 2.67 (0.77, 9.20) | .120 |
| ≥6500 | 96 (26.0) | 22 (50.0) | 4.26 (1.55, 11.73) | .005 | — | — | 4.32 (1.45, 12.89) | .009 |
Time-updated values from the merged HIV+ cohort at first incident cardiovascular event after age 40, loss to follow-up, last visit in 2010, or age 60. Models were fit using logistic regression.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; OR, odds ratio; WBC, white blood cell.
aDaily or weekly marijuana use at ≥50% of visits in period 10 years prior to endpoint.
bAverage ≥0.25 packs/day in period 10 years prior to endpoint.
cNumber of cholesterol, diabetes, or hypertensive risk factors (see Materials and Methods).