. 2017 Mar 24;65(3):453–460. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix251

Table 3.

Temporal Changes in Malaria Test Positivity Rates in Relation to Indoor Residual Spraying of Insecticide

Patient Population	Age Group	Estimated Average Monthly Change in Absolute Value of TPR
		Initial Period of Effective IRS,		Sustained Period of Effective IRS,		4–18 Months After IRS Discontinued,
		September 2010–February 2011		March 2011August 2014		September 2014–November 2015
		Δ TPR (95% CI)^a	P Value	Δ TPR (95% CI)^a	P Value	Δ TPR (95% CI)^a	P Value
Outpatient surveillance	<5 years	–5.84% (–7.44% to –4.24%)	<.001	–0.40% (–0.64% to –0.16%)	.002	3.29% (2.01% to 4.57%)	<.001
Outpatient surveillance	≥5 years	–3.06% (–4.89% to –1.24%)	.001	–0.41% (–0.61% to –0.21%)	<.001	2.78% (2.01% to 3.54%)	<.001
Inpatient surveillance^b	≤13 years	N/A		N/A		5.66% (3.22% to 8.10%)	<.001

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; IRS, indoor residual spraying of insecticide; N/A, not applicable; TPR, test positivity rate.

^aAdjusted for rainfall with a 1-month lag and proportion of laboratory testing based on microscopy vs rapid diagnostic test.

^bInpatient surveillance began June 2011.