Table 3.
Immunological drugs in clinical development. List of immunological agents developed for treatment of malignancies. Drugs blocking immune checkpoints, CAR T cell therapies and miRNA-based drugs represent novel promising therapeutics in clinical development.
| Immunological Target | Drug Name | Characteristics | Clinical Phase Testing | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Drugs blocking Immune Checkpoints | anti-CTLA4 | IPILIMUMAB | fully human IgG1 | approved, advanced melanoma |
| TREMELIMUMAB | fully human IgG2 | failed phase III trial melanoma | ||
| anti-PD1 | NIVOLUMAB | fully human IgG4 | approved, melanoma, squamous NSCLC | |
| PEMBROLIZUMAB | fully human IgG4 | approved, melanoma | ||
| PIDILIZUMAB | humanized IgG1 | phase I-II trial | ||
| anti-PD-L1 | BMS-936559 | fully human IgG4 | phase I trial | |
| MSB0010718C | fully human IgG1 | phase I-II trial | ||
| MEDI4736 | Fc-modified human IgG1 | phase I-III trial | ||
| MPDL3280A | Fc-modified human IgG1 | phase I-III trial | ||
| CAR T cells therapy | anti-CD19 | TISAGENLECLEUCEL-T (KimryahTM) | chimeric antigen receptor T cells | approved, Acute lymphatic leukemia |
| AXICABTAGENE CILOLEUCEL (YescartaTM) | chimeric antigen receptor T cells | approved, B cell lymphoma | ||
| anti-CD20 | NCT01735604 | chimeric antigen receptor T cells | phase I trial, progressive malignant lymphoma | |
| anti-CD30 | NCT02259556 | chimeric antigen receptor T cells | phase II-III trial, Hodgkin lymphoma | |
| anti-EGFR | NCT01869166 | chimeric antigen receptor T cells | phase II-III trial, Advanced lung cancer | |
| miRNA-based drugs | miR-34 | MRX34 | miRNA mimic | phase I trial, advanced hepatocarcinoma |
| miR-122 | MIRAVIRSEN | LNA-based antimiRNA | phase II trial, HCV | |
| miR-29b | MRG-201 | miRNA mimic | phase I trial, fibrotic diseases | |
| miR-155 | MRG-106 | AntimiRNA | phase I trial, hematological malignances | |
| miR-10b | - | AntimiRNA | preclinical phase, glioblastoma | |
| miR-221 | - | AntimiRNA | preclinical phase, hepatocarcinoma |