Table 2.
Effect of insulin immuno-neutralization and fasting on mRNA expression levels in the hypothalamus of chickens.
| Gene Name | Treatment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C_1 | AI_1 | C_5 | AI_5 | F_5 | |
| POMC | 100.00 ± 12.28 | 97.57 ± 16.44 | 86.76 ± 17.87 | 92.48 ± 22.36 | 114.46 ± 30.34 |
| MC4R | 100.00 ± 7.27 | 90.11 ± 7.74 | 93.76 ± 4.60 | 85.92 ± 7.79 | 107.97 ± 10.46 |
| EGR1 | 100.00 ± 5.98a | 97.68 ± 8.78a | 92.64 ± 4.92a,b | 76.07 ± 5.13b | 102.96 ± 9.26a |
| CRH | 100.00 ± 15.19a,b | 82.32 ± 7.95a,b | 84.01 ± 12.21a,b | 74.38 ± 9.60b | 116.17 ± 18.16a |
| TRH | 100.00 ± 6.80 | 95.50 ± 8.08 | 94.39 ± 4.77 | 86.01 ± 7.76 | 108.61 ± 10.47 |
| ENO2 | 100.00 ± 4.97 | 99.28 ± 1.88 | 98.05 ± 1.82 | 97.07 ± 7.60 | 108.34 ± 7.25 |
| PGAM1 | 100.00 ± 11.84 | 83.22 ± 3.40 | 80.06 ± 6.88 | 85.88 ± 10.78 | 92.19 ± 14.14 |
| GPI | 100.00 ± 4.55 | 98.51 ± 3.44 | 99.29 ± 1.48 | 94.82 ± 8.30 | 109.99 ± 7.47 |
| DPYSL2 | 100.00 ± 5.60 | 98.65 ± 5.27 | 97.12 ± 2.94 | 96.52 ± 7.45 | 104.13 ± 9.36 |
| HK1 | 100.00 ± 4.92 | 97.63 ± 2.69 | 102.17 ± 4.67 | 96.79 ± 6.78 | 102.50 ± 6.02 |
Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to quantify mRNA levels for pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R), early response gene (EGR1), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), neural enolase 2 (ENO2), phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), dihydropyrimidinase like protein (PRYSL2), and hexokinase 1 (HK1) in hypothalami collected from ad libitum fed chickens 1 h after one normal serum (NS) injection (C_1) or one anti-insulin serum (AI) injection (AI_1) and after 5 h during which three injection of NS (C_5) or AI (AI_5) were administered. Birds fasted for 5 h (F_5) were also analyzed for comparison. Each value represents the mean ± SE of seven birds (n = 7).
a,bDifferent letters denote statistically significant differences for mean comparisons (P < 0.05).