Table 1.
Baseline demographic and general clinical characteristics.
| Variable | Treatment group (N = 11) (Mean + SD) | Placebo group (N = 10) (Mean + SD) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 54.3 ± 5.7 | 56.2 ± 4.8 | 0.418 |
| Education (years) | 11.0 ± 2.8 | 8.1 ± 3.5 | 0.049* |
| Illness time duration (years) | 29.8 ± 4.6 | 27.0 ± 8.8 | 0.400 |
| Smoking time duration (years) | 28.6 ± 7.8 | 32.4 ± 4.9 | 0.211 |
| Breath CO Level (ppm) | 27.1 ± 23.2 | 23.8 ± 9.0 | 0.679 |
| Number of cigarettes smoked per week | 72.5 ± 5.7 | 77.0 ± 22.1 | 0.526 |
| VAS smoking craving | 6.3 ± 1.0 | 7.0 ± 1.4 | 0.202 |
| Weight (kg) | 74.7 ± 8.4 | 78.4 ± 10.6 | 0.380 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.1 ± 2.9 | 27.6 ± 2.6 | 0.229 |
| waist circumference (cm) | 94.9 ± 4.5 | 98.8 ± 6.3 | 0.118 |
| PANSS-Total | 51.5 ± 17.4 | 55.9 ± 20.3 | 0.602 |
| PANSS-Positive | 10.0 ± 3.4 | 11.2 ± 6.1 | 0.579 |
| PANSS-Negative | 15.9 ± 5.4 | 19.9 ± 7.9 | 0.188 |
| PANSS-General | 24.3 ± 9.1 | 25.3 ± 11.1 | 0.819 |
| Glucose (mmol/l) | 5.5 ± 1.1 | 5.6 ± 2.3 | 0.903 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.1 ± 0.6 | 6.4 ± 1.9 | 0.729 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/l) | 2.3 ± 1.1 | 1.4 ± 0.6 | 0.050* |
| HDL (mmol/l) | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.163 |
| LDL (mmol/l) | 2.8 ± 0.8 | 2.4 ± 0.9 | 0.234 |
| Insulin (pmol/l) | 106.8 ± 65.8 | 66.4 ± 20.2 | 0.095 |
VAS, visual analogue scale; BMI, body mass index; PANSS, the positive and negative syndrome scale; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, Low-density lipoprotein.