Table 3.
Associations Between Baseline Smoking Status at Visit 1 and Incident Diabetes Mellitus at Visit 3
| Diabetes mellitus Incidence | Never Smokers | Past Smokers | Current Smokers | 1 to 19 Cigarettes/D | ≥20 Cigarettes/D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
320/2128 15.0% |
99/502 19.7% |
60/361 16.6% |
34/241 14.1% |
26/119 21.9% |
| Model | Smoking Status | Smoking Intensity | Smoking Dose | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past vs Never Smokers | Current vs Never Smokers | Current (1–19 Cigarettes/D) vs Never Smokers | Current (≥20 Cigarettes/D) vs Never Smokers | Exposure Pack‐Y/10 Pack‐Ya | |
| Model 1b |
1.11 (0.84–1.46) 0.46 |
1.29 (0.93–1.77) 0.12 |
1.04 (0.69–1.58) 0.85 |
1.79 (1.14–2.82) 0.01 |
1.10 (1.03–1.19) 0.02 |
| Model 2c |
1.08 (0.82–1.42) 0.59 |
1.28 (0.93–1.77) 0.13 |
1.04 (0.69–1.58) 0.85 |
1.79 (1.14–2.81) 0.01 |
1.10 (1.02–1.19) 0.02 |
| Model 3d |
1.06 (0.80–1.39) 0.69 |
1.21 (0.88–1.67) 0.24 |
0.99 (0.65–1.50) 0.95 |
1.67 (1.07, 2.63) 0.03 |
1.09 (1.00, 1.18) 0.04 |
Values are given as IRR (95% CI) P Value. CI indicates confidence interval; IRR, incidence rate ratio.
a
Pack‐y dose was analyzed as continuous variable and IRR corresponds to 10 cigarette pack‐y effect. Only current smokers and never smokers are involved in the analysis.
b
Adjusted for age, sex, education, physical activity, alcohol consumption in the past 12 mo, body mass index, hypertension, total cholesterol, and prevalent cardiovascular disease.
c
Model 1 plus waist circumference.
d
Model 2 plus high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein.