Table 5.
Associations Between Baseline Smoking Status at Visit 1 and Log‐Transformed HOMA‐B Among Those Without Diabetes Mellitus at Baseline
| Model | Smoking Status | Smoking Intensity | Smoking Dose | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past vs Never Smokers | Current vs Never Smokers | Current (1–19 Cigarettes/D) vs Never Smokers | Current (≥20 Cigarettes/D) vs Never Smokers | Exposure Pack‐Y/10‐Pack‐Y | |
| Model 1a |
−0.03 (0.04) 0.37 |
−0.13 (0.04) 0.00 |
−0.15 (0.05) 0.00 |
−0.10 (0.07) 0.17 |
−0.03 (0.01) 0.03 |
| Model 2b |
−0.06 (0.04) 0.14 |
−0.14 (0.04) 0.00 |
−0.16 (0.05) 0.00 |
−0.11 (0.07) 0.12 |
−0.03 (0.01) 0.01 |
| Model 3c |
−0.06 (0.04) 0.09 |
−0.17 (0.04) 0.00 |
−0.19 (0.05) 0.00 |
−0.15 (0.07) 0.04 |
−0.04 (0.01) 0.00 |
Values are given as beta (SE) P Value. HOMA‐B indicates homeostatic model assessment for pancreatic beta cell function; SE, standard error.
a
Adjusted for age, sex, education, physical activity, alcohol consumption in the past 12 mo, body mass index, hypertension, total cholesterol, and prevalent cardiovascular disease.
b
Model 1 plus waist circumference.
c
Model 2 plus high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein.