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. 2018 Jan 10;7(2):e007830. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.117.007830

Table 2.

Incidence of and Risk Factors for Suicide Attempt

Variable Event Person‐Years Ratea Crude HR (95% CI) Adjusted HRb (95% CI)
Stroke
 No 1925 8 096 035 2.38 1.00 1.00
 Hemorrhagic stroke 246 445 868 5.52 2.27 (1.99, 2.59)c 1.87 (1.62, 2.15)c
 Ischemic stroke 1894 2 602 413 7.28 2.99 (2.81, 3.19)c 2.25 (2.08, 2.43)c
 Total 2140 3 048 280 7.02 2.89 (2.71, 3.07)c 2.20 (2.04, 2.37)c
Age group, y
 ≤49 605 1 471 834 4.11 1.31 (1.19, 1.45)c 1.35 (1.22, 1.50)c
 50–64 992 3 153 473 3.15 1.00 1.00
 ≥65 2468 6 519 009 3.79 1.17 (1.09, 1.26)c 1.06 (0.98, 1.15)
Sex
 Female 1727 4 830 122 3.58 1.00 1.00
 Male 2338 6 314 193 3.70 1.03 (0.97, 1.10) –
Monthly incomed
 <15 000 1311 3 577 081 3.66 1.71 (1.54, 1.89)c 1.64 (1.46, 1.85)c
 15 000–19 999 2241 5 155 646 4.35 2.04 (1.85, 2.24)c 1.46 (1.31, 1.63)c
 ≥20 000 513 2 411 588 2.13 1.00 1.00
Urbanization levele
 1 (highest) 678 2 861 571 2.37 1.00 1.00
 2 1097 3 081 302 3.56 1.50 (1.37, 1.65)c 1.37 (1.24, 1.51)c
 3 721 1 813 307 3.98 1.68 (1.51, 1.86)c 1.49 (1.34, 1.66)c
 4 (lowest) 1569 3 388 134 4.63 1.95 (1.79, 2.14)c 1.58 (1.43, 1.74)c
Occupation categoryf
 Office worker 1325 4 788 374 2.77 1.00 1.00
 Manual laborer 2154 4 816 219 4.47 1.62 (1.51, 1.73)c 1.31 (1.20, 1.43)c
 Other 586 1 539 723 3.81 1.37 (1.24, 1.51)c 1.01 (0.91, 1.13)
Comorbidity
 Schizophrenia
No 4023 11 105 894 3.62 1.00 1.00
Yes 42 38 421 10.9 2.96 (2.18, 4.01)c 1.98 (1.46, 2.70)c
 Depression before stroke
No 3844 11 043 613 3.48 1.00 1.00
Yes 221 100 703 22.0 6.11 (5.33, 6.99)c 3.37 (2.91, 3.89)c
 Poststroke depression
No 3852 10 990 993 3.50 1.00 1.00
Yes 213 153 323 13.9 4.05 (3.53, 4.65)c 2.81 (2.44, 3.24)c
 Alcohol‐related illness
No 3936 11 051 763 3.56 1.00 1.00
Yes 129 92 552 13.9 3.81 (3.19, 4.54)c 2.09 (1.72, 2.52)c
 Anxiety
No 3944 11 070 435 3.56 1.00 1.00
Yes 121 73 880 16.4 4.52 (3.77, 5.42)c 1.72 (1.42, 2.08)c
 Mental disorders
No 3939 10 890 990 3.62 1.00 1.00
Yes 126 253 325 4.97 1.29 (1.08, 1.55)g 0.81 (0.67, 1.00)
 Insomnia
No 3858 11 000 255 3.51 1.00 1.00
Yes 207 144 061 14.4 3.95 (3.44, 4.55)c 1.79 (1.54, 2.08)c
 Cognitive dysfunction
No 4042 11 099 183 3.64 1.00 1.00
Yes 23 45 133 5.10 1.30 (0.86, 1.96) 0.76 (0.50, 1.15)
 Dementia after stroke
No 3983 10 830 139 3.68 1.00 1.00
Yes 82 314 176 2.61 0.71 (0.57, 0.88)g 0.42 (0.33, 0.52)c
 Diabetes mellitus
No 3292 9 730 782 3.38 1.00 1.00
Yes 773 1 413 534 5.47 1.64 (1.52, 1.78)c 1.28 (1.18, 1.39)c
 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
No 3682 10 668 608 3.45 1.00 1.00
Yes 383 475 707 8.05 2.21 (1.99, 2.46)c 1.35 (1.20, 1.52)c
Asthma
No 3825 10 873 179 3.52 1.00 1.00
Yes 240 271 137 8.85 2.42 (2.12, 2.76)c 1.33 (1.15, 1.53)c
 Coronary artery disease
No 3370 10 125 179 3.33 1.00 1.00
Yes 695 1 019 136 6.82 1.98 (1.83, 2.15)c 1.23 (1.13, 1.35)c
 Hypertension
No 2411 8 422 637 2.86 1.00 1.00
Yes 1654 2721 678 6.08 2.06 (1.93, 2.19)c 1.11 (1.03, 1.20)g

CI indicates confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; NTD, New Taiwan dollars.

a

Incidence rate per 10 000 person‐years.

b

Multivariable analysis included age, monthly income, urbanization level, and comorbidity of schizophrenia, depression before stroke, poststroke depression, alcohol‐related illness, anxiety, mental disorders, insomnia, cognitive dysfunction, dementia after stroke, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, coronary artery disease, and hypertension.

c

P<0.001.

d

In NTD, where 1 NTD is equal to 0.03 US dollars.

e

The urbanization level of residential areas was determined by dividing the population density into 4 levels, with level 1 the most urbanized and level 4 the least urbanized.

f

Other occupation categories included those who were primarily retired, unemployed, and on low income.

g

P<0.01.