Table 1.
Characteristics of Study Participants, by LVH‐Biomarker Group
| No LVH, No Biomarker Elevated | No LVH, ≥1 Biomarker Elevated | LVH, No Biomarker Elevated | LVH, ≥1 Biomarker Elevated | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 2206 | 2275 | 153 | 351 | |
| Age, y | 61.0 (10.1) | 61.6 (10.1) | 60.7 (9.8) | 64.2 (10.3) | <0.001 |
| Male | 1041 (47.2%) | 1126 (49.5%) | 46 (30.1%) | 162 (46.2%) | <0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| White | 751 (34.0%) | 1061 (46.6%) | 33 (21.6%) | 103 (29.4%) | <0.001 |
| Chinese‐American | 397 (18.0%) | 226 (9.9%) | 5 (3.3%) | 24 (6.8%) | |
| Black | 547 (24.8%) | 536 (25.4%) | 61 (39.9%) | 135 (38.5%) | |
| Hispanic | 511 (23.2%) | 452 (19.9%) | 54 (35.3%) | 89 (25.4%) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | |||||
| Normal | 1703 (77.3%) | 1732 (76.3%) | 98 (64.1%) | 221 (63.0%) | <0.001 |
| IFG | 297 (13.5%) | 267 (11.8%) | 21 (13.7%) | 60 (17.1%) | |
| Untreated DM | 54 (2.5%) | 50 (2.2%) | 7 (4.6%) | 11 (3.1%) | |
| Treated DM | 149 (6.8%) | 221 (9.7%) | 27 (17.7%) | 59 (16.8%) | |
| SBP, mm Hg | 121.8 (18.4) | 125.3 (21.4) | 136.3 (22.7) | 144.0 (25.4) | <0.001 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 71.3 (9.5%) | 71.3 (10.4) | 75.7 (10.2) | 76.9 (12.6) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension medication | 621 (28.2%) | 856 (37.6%) | 77 (50.3%) | 204 (58.3%) | <0.001 |
| Smoking | |||||
| Never | 1196 (54.3%) | 1126 (49.6%) | 76 (50.0%) | 159 (45.7%) | <0.001 |
| Former | 751 (34.1%) | 866 (38.2%) | 42 (27.6%) | 122 (35.1%) | |
| Current | 254 (11.5%) | 278 (12.3%) | 34 (22.4%) | 67 (19.3%) | |
| LDL‐C | 119.6 (31.3) | 115.3 (30.8) | 117.1 (28.6) | 114.0 (33.6) | <0.001 |
| HDL‐C | 50.2 (14.2) | 52.2 (15.6) | 52.2 (15.4) | 50.9 (15.2) | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 114 [78, 163] | 109 [76, 159] | 101 [78, 159] | 105 [79, 169] | 0.6 |
| eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 80.3 (14.5) | 76.3 (16.3) | 85.1 (16.1) | 75.9 (19.7) | <0.001 |
| eGFR <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 159 (7.2%) | 368 (16.2%) | 9 (5.9%) | 71 (20.2%) | <0.001 |
| hs‐cTnT, ng/L | 3.22 [<3.0, 4.47] | 6.1 [3.24, 9.30] | 3.41 [<3.00, 4.91] | 8.54 [4.98, 13.44) | |
| NT‐proBNP, pg/mL | 31.7 [15.4, 53.6] | 79.0 [41.1, 146.9] | 33.7 [18.2, 49.6] | 148.0 [67.7, 311.7] | |
| LVEF, % | 62.6 (5.6) | 62.6 (6.0) | 62.8 (6.2) | 60.1 (9.0) | <0.001 |
| LV mass, g | |||||
| Men | 156.3 (26.9) | 167.7 (30.5) | 227.8 (22.2) | 243.5 (34.1) | <0.001 |
| Women | 117.3 (20.9) | 118.8 (21.5) | 166.0 (21.2) | 172.0 (30.0) | <0.001 |
DBP indicates diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; hs‐cTnT, high‐sensitivity troponin T; IFG, impaired fasting glucose; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein; LV, left ventricular; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVH, LV hypertrophy; NT‐proBNP, amino‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide; SBP, systolic blood pressure.