Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Stratified by Standard Versus Reduced Dosing of NOAC and Whether the Dose Received was Appropriate (According to FDA Labeling)
| Overall (7925) | Received Standard Dose | Received Reduced Dose | 4‐Way P Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Appropriate (n=6376) | Inappropriate (n=260) | Appropriate (n=555) | Inappropriate (n=734) | |||
| Age, y | 71.00 (64.00, 78.00) | 69.00 (62.00, 75.00) | 80.00 (75.00, 83.00) | 84.00 (81.00, 88.00) | 79.00 (72.00, 85.00) | <0.0001 |
| Female | 3274 (41.31%) | 2401 (37.66%) | 163 (62.69%) | 353 (63.60%) | 357 (48.64%) | <0.0001 |
| Race | 0.02 | |||||
| White | 6957 (87.79%) | 5614 (88.05%) | 219 (84.23%) | 488 (87.93%) | 636 (86.65%) | |
| Black | 332 (4.19%) | 274 (4.30%) | 12 (4.62%) | 13 (2.34%) | 33 (4.50%) | |
| Hispanic | 363 (4.58%) | 270 (4.23%) | 16 (6.15%) | 32 (5.77%) | 45 (6.13%) | |
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 13 (0.16%) | 13 (0.20%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| Asian | 129 (1.63%) | 91 (1.43%) | 9 (3.46%) | 15 (2.70%) | 14 (1.91%) | |
| Health insurance status | <0.0001 | |||||
| Private health insurance | 4105 (51.80%) | 3484 (54.64%) | 97 (37.31%) | 212 (38.20%) | 312 (42.51%) | |
| Medicaid | 297 (3.75%) | 238 (3.73%) | 10 (3.85%) | 15 (2.70%) | 34 (4.63%) | |
| Medicare | 3127 (39.46%) | 2326 (36.48%) | 139 (53.46%) | 301 (54.23%) | 361 (49.18%) | |
| Other | 310 (3.91%) | 254 (3.98%) | 9 (3.46%) | 25 (4.50%) | 22 (3.00%) | |
| Prior stroke/TIA | 880 (11.10%) | 642 (10.07%) | 35 (13.46%) | 98 (17.66%) | 105 (14.31%) | <0.0001 |
| Prior gastrointestinal bleeding | 321 (4.05%) | 223 (3.50%) | 13 (5.00%) | 43 (7.75%) | 42 (5.72%) | <0.0001 |
| Frailty | 254 (3.21%) | 108 (1.69%) | 11 (4.23%) | 86 (15.50%) | 49 (6.68%) | <0.0001 |
| CHA2DS2‐VASc Stroke Score | <0.0001 | |||||
| 0 | 264 (3.33%) | 257 (4.03%) | 3 (1.15%) | 0 (0.00%) | 4 (0.54%) | |
| 1 | 749 (9.45%) | 721 (11.31%) | 8 (3.08%) | 2 (0.36%) | 18 (2.45%) | |
| ≥2 | 6912 (87.22%) | 5398 (84.66%) | 249 (95.77%) | 553 (99.64%) | 712 (97.00%) | |
| ORBIT Bleeding Score | <0.0001 | |||||
| 0 to 2 (low) | 5529 (72.97%) | 4817 (79.19%) | 137 (53.94%) | 206 (38.22%) | 369 (52.64%) | |
| 3 (medium) | 1034 (13.65%) | 748 (12.30%) | 45 (17.72%) | 92 (17.07%) | 149 (21.26%) | |
| ≥4 (high) | 1014 (13.38%) | 518 (8.52%) | 72 (28.45%) | 241 (44.71%) | 183 (26.11%) | |
| Concurrent aspirin | 2037 (25.70%) | 1659 (26.02%) | 66 (25.38%) | 125 (22.52%) | 187 (25.48%) | 0.3 |
| Concurrent clopidogrel | 242 (3.05%) | 185 (2.90%) | 5 (1.92%) | 26 (4.68%) | 26 (3.54%) | 0.07 |
| LVEF | 58.00 (50.00, 61.00) | 57.50 (50.00, 60.00) | 60.00 (55.00, 64.00) | 57.00 (50.00, 62.00) | 59.00 (51.00, 61.00) | 0.06 |
| Calculated creatinine clearance,a mL/min | 81.69 (59.36, 109.69) | 89.65 (69.67, 116.62) | 44.09 (37.41, 48.51) | 37.39 (29.79, 44.00) | 60.19 (50.35, 75.00) | <0.0001 |
| Physician specialty | <0.0001 | |||||
| Internal medicine/primary care | 374 (4.72%) | 260 (4.08%) | 21 (8.08%) | 38 (6.85%) | 55 (7.49%) | |
| Cardiology | 5521 (69.67%) | 4340 (68.07%) | 195 (75.00%) | 425 (76.58%) | 561 (76.43%) | |
| Electrophysiology | 2026 (25.56%) | 1773 (27.81%) | 44 (16.92%) | 92 (16.58%) | 117 (15.94%) | |
| Neurology | 4 (0.05%) | 3 (0.05%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (0.14%) | |
Values are presented as percentage or median (interquartile range), unless noted otherwise. CHA2DS2VASc is a rating of risk for stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation; FDA, Food and Drug Administration; LVEF, left‐ventricular ejection fraction; NOAC, non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant; ORBIT, Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment; TIA, transient ischemic attack.
a
As calculated by the Cockcroft‐Gault formula.13