Table 1.
Characteristics of 780 Participants at Baseline and Follow‐Up
| Characteristic | Baseline | Follow‐Up | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number with characteristics (%) | |||
| Current smoker | 207 (26.5) | 165 (21.2) | <0.001 |
| Drinking alcohol ≥5 g/d | 184 (23.6) | 317 (40.6) | <0.001 |
| Overweight | 296 (38.0) | 344 (44.1) | <0.001 |
| Obesity | 77 (9.9) | 137 (17.6) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 8 (1.0) | 29 (3.7) | <0.001 |
| Conventional hypertension | 143 (18.3) | 312 (40.0) | <0.001 |
| Daytime hypertension | 122 (15.6) | ··· | |
| On antihypertensive drugs | 61 (7.8) | 185 (23.7) | <0.001 |
| Lipid‐lowering treatment | 16 (2.0) | 112 (14.4) | <0.001 |
| Mean of characteristic (±SD) | |||
| Age, y | 40.2±14.4 | 50.6±15.4 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.0±4.1 | 26.4±4.2 | <0.001 |
| Conventional blood pressure | |||
| Systolic, mm Hg | 121.8±13.8 | 128.7±17.1 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic, mm Hg | 75.4±10.2 | 79.5±9.4 | <0.001 |
| Daytime blood pressure | |||
| Systolic, mm Hg | 123.0±9.9 | ··· | |
| Diastolic, mm Hg | 76.0±7.8 | ··· | |
| Heart rate, bpm | 69.1±10.0 | 63.5±9.5 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.33±1.11 | 5.24±0.96 | 0.013 |
| Plasma glucose, mmol/L | 4.98±1.28 | 4.94±0.81 | 0.38 |
| Geometric mean (IQR) of characteristic | |||
| γ‐Glutamyltransferase (U/L) | 21.4 (12.9–31.6) | 22.9 (15.1–32.4) | <0.001 |
Body mass index was body weight in kilogram divided by height in meters squared. Overweight and obesity refer to a body mass index of 25 to 29.9 and ≥30 kg/m2, respectively. Conventional hypertension was a blood pressure of ≥140 mm Hg systolic or ≥90 mm Hg diastolic. Daytime hypertension was a blood pressure of ≥135 mm Hg systolic or ≥85 mm Hg diastolic. P values indicate the significance of the difference between baseline and follow‐up. IQR indicates interquartile range.