. 2017 Nov 17;97(2):607–619. doi: 10.3382/ps/pex325

Table 6.

Mean perceived public health risks in citizens (n = 2,259), poultry farmers (n = 100), and poultry veterinarians (n = 41) (1 = very low; 5 = very high risk).

	Citizens		Poultry farmers		Poultry veterinarians		Test statistics	P value
	Mean	% dnk*	Mean	% dnk	Mean	% dnk
Public health risk of Campylobacter in broilers kept in:
Conventional system	3.49^a ± 1.145	41.4	2.02^b ± 1.079	8.0	2.88^c ± 1.122	0.0	F(2, 1454) = 75.82	<0.001
Conventional plus	3.23^a ± 0.957	40.4	2.35^b ± 1.042	8.0	3.02^a ± 1.129	0.0	F(2, 1477) = 36.29	<0.001
Free-range outdoor	2.96^a ± 0.973	39.8	3.80^b ± 1.328	8.0	3.33 ± 1.207	2.4	F(2, 76.27) = 19.06	<0.001
Organic system	2.74^a ± 1.191	38.8	4.02^b ± 1.305	11.0	3.55^b ± 1.176	2.4	F(2, 1487) = 55.19	<0.001
Public health risk of avian influenza in laying hens kept in:
Colony cages	3.46^a ± 0.033	31.7	1.38^b ± 0.082	1.0	1.50^b ± 0.129	2.4	F(2, 86.93) = 351.19	<0.001
Indoor non-cage	3.17^a ± 0.027	31.9	1.47^b ± 0.076	1.0	1.60^b ± 0.133	2.4	F(2, 83.09) = 270.69	<0.001
Free-range outdoor	3.25^a ± 0.026	31.2	4.13^b ± 0.115	2.0	3.72 ± 0.220	4.9	F(2, 76.24) = 29.49	<0.001
Organic system	3.04^a ± 0.032	32.2	4.22^b ± 0.117	3.0	3.87^b ± 0.198	4.9	F(2, 1665) = 49.07	<0.001
Public health risk of dioxin in eggs from laying hens kept in:
Colony cages	3.33^a ± 1.250	39.2	1.28^b ± 0.706	4.0	1.38^b ± 0.667	2.4	F(2, 91.31) = 434.29	<0.001
Indoor non-cage	3.07^a ± 1.063	39.2	1.33^b ± 0.691	5.0	1.43^b ± 0.675	2.4	F(2, 86.67) = 339.08	<0.001
Free-range outdoor	2.92^a ± 1.038	39.1	3.67^b ± 1.370	7.0	3.49^b ± 1.227	0.0	F(2, 78.21) = 17.25	<0.001
Organic system	2.61^a ± 1.191	38.9	3.95^b ± 1.363	5.0	3.76^b ± 1.090	0.0	F(2, 1513) = 70.39	<0.001

*% dnk: % respondents of the stakeholder group who answered “I do not know”.

^a–cMeans within a row with different superscripts differ significantly (P < 0.05, Post-hoc Games Howell multiple comparisons test).