Table 1.
DNA methylation associated with DNA tumor virus-induced carcinomas.
| Virus | Cancer Type | Tumor Tissue (TT) or Cell Line (CL) | Methylated DNA/Gene | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Herpesviridae | ||||
| EBV | Gastric carcinoma | Reviewed in [70] | ||
| NPC | TT, CL | miR-31 | [71] | |
| TT |
DAPK, RASSF1A, p16 (CDKN2A) |
[72] | ||
| TT | RASSF1A | [73] | ||
| CL | Retinoic acid receptor-β2 (RAR-β2) | [76] | ||
| CL | E-cadherin | [77] | ||
| Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) | CL | 4712 differentially methylated genes | [74] | |
| Germinal center (GC) B cell malignancies, Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) | TT (GC) CL (HL) |
1745 DMPs | [75] | |
| KSHV | Primary effusion lymphoma | CL | p16 (CDKN2A) | [78] |
| Hepadnaviridae | ||||
| HBV | HBV-associated HCC | Reviewed in [79,80] | ||
| Papillomaviridae | ||||
| HPV | Head and neck SCC | TT | NSD1, NOTCH1 | [81] |
| Cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions | TT | SIM1, DLX4 | [82] | |
| E6/E7 immortalized keratinocytes | CL | hTERT, miR124-2, PRDM14, FAM19A4, SFRP2, PHACTR3, MAL, CYGB, ROBO3 | [83] | |
| HPV16/18 keratinocytes, cervical cancer cells | CL | hTERT | [84] | |
| Head and neck SCC, cervical carcinoma | TT | CXCL14 | [54] | |
| HPV16/18 immortalized keratinocytes | TT | HLA-E, CCNA1, TERT; 5190 DMPs | [53] | |
| SCC | CL | 75 differentially methylated genes | [85] | |
| Polyomaviridae | ||||
| SV40 | Diffuse large B cell lymphoma | TT |
DAPK, CDH1, GSTP1, p16 (CDKN2A), SHP1 |
[86] |
| Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma/leukemia | TT |
CDH1, CDH13, CRBP, p16 (CDKN2A), DAPK, DcR1, DcR2 |
[87] | |
| Malignant mesothelioma | TT | RASSF1A | [88,89] | |
| Lung adenocarcinoma | TT | RASSF1A | [88] | |
| MCPyV | Merkel cell carcinoma, small cell lung cancer | TT | RASSF1A | [90,91] |
| JC virus | Gastric carcinoma | TT | p16 (CDKN2A), p14 | [92] |
| Colorectal cancer | TT | hMLH1, PTEN, RUNX3, p16 (CDKN2A) | [93] |
NPC: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma; SCC: Squamous cell carcinoma; DMP: Differentially methylated position.