Table I.
Baseline characteristics of 300 women (313 unique FFQs) in the EARTH study (2007–2015) according to alcohol and caffeine intakes.
| Categories of alcohol intake (g/day) | Categories of caffeine intake (mg/day) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median | 0.0 | 2.34 | 8.67 | 15.46 | 32.37 | 11.9 | 65.3 | 123.9 | 252.0 | 370.6 |
| Range | 32 | 0.1, 6.0 | 6.1, 12.0 | 12.1, 24.0 | 24.1, 85.8 | 0.31, 50 | 50.1, 100 | 100.1, 200 | 200.1, 300 | 300.1, 642 |
| Unique FFQs, N | 54 | 127 | 63 | 72 | 19 | 93 | 48 | 99 | 56 | 17 |
| Cycles, N | 195 | 106 | 106 | 32 | 156 | 65 | 151 | 93 | 28 | |
| Baseline characteristics | ||||||||||
| Age, years Mean ± SD | 34.4 ± 4.9 | 35.6 ± 4.4 | 34.2 ± 5.6 | 34.9 ± 3.1 | 37.9 ± 3.4 | 35.3 ± 4.0 | 35.7 ± 4.8 | 34.4 ± 5.3 | 35.3 ± 3.6 | 36.6 ± 3.3 |
| White/Caucasian, N (%) | 23 (71.9) | 103 (81.1) | 59 (93.7) | 63 (87.5) | 16 (84.2) | 74 (79.6) | 33 (68.8) | 88 (88.9) | 52 (92.9) | 17 (100.0) |
| BMI, kg/m2 Mean ± SD | 24.3 ± 5.4 | 24.2 ± 4.2 | 23.9 ± 3.4 | 23.8 ± 4.0 | 25.2 ± 3.8 | 23.5 ± 4.2 | 24.5 ± 3.7 | 23.8 ± 4.1 | 24.9 ± 3.9 | 25.8 ± 5.3 |
| Smoking status, N (%) | ||||||||||
| Never smoker | 26 (81.3) | 96 (75.6) | 44 (69.8) | 48 (66.7) | 10 (52.6) | 75 (80.7) | 38 (79.2) | 69 (69.7) | 35 (62.5) | 7 (41.2) |
| Former smoker | 6 (18.8) | 29 (22.8) | 19 (30.2) | 20 (27.8) | 8 (42.1) | 18 (19.4) | 10 (20.8) | 29 (29.3) | 17 (30.4) | 8 (47.1) |
| Current smoker | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (5.6) | 1 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.0) | 4 (7.1) | 2 (11.8) |
| College degree or higher, N (%) | 27 (87.1) | 114 (91.2) | 57 (91.9) | 64 (92.8) | 16 (88.9) | 85 (92.4) | 41 (91.1) | 88 (90.7) | 50 (92.6) | 14 (82.4) |
| Dietary characteristics | ||||||||||
| Caffeine intake, mg/day Mean ± SD | 78.1 ± 72.9 | 102.1 ± 108.6 | 159.3 ± 127.4 | 136.6 ± 86.0 | 192.3 ± 102.4 | 19.3 ± 14.7 | 73.0 ± 16.1 | 128.8 ± 23.7 | 252.3 ± 26.3 | 401.0 ± 106.5 |
| Alcohol intake, g/day Mean ± SD | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 2.5 ± 1.6 | 8.8 ± 1.7 | 16.1 ± 2.7 | 38.5 ± 16.9 | 4.5 ± 5.1 | 7.7 ± 9.9 | 11.8 ± 13.1 | 10.8 ± 10.9 | 11.5 ± 8.1 |
| Calorie intake, kcal/day Mean ± SD | 1604.7 ± 571.5 | 1682.5 ± 608.4 | 1858.6 ± 558.3 | 1901.9 ± 587.5 | 2235.5 ± 572.1 | 1712.4 ± 604.4 | 1671.5 ± 551.0 | 1871.0 ± 673.4 | 1786.9 ± 504.8 | 2162.6 ± 464.5 |
| Dietary folate equivalents, mcg/day Mean ± SD | 1530.3 ± 660.3 | 1887.2 ± 888.0 | 1844.2 ± 819.7 | 1846.2 ± 800.0 | 1602.1 ± 673.2 | 1795.1 ± 850.2 | 1957.4 ± 976.5 | 1744.2 ± 721.8 | 1770.0 ± 748.9 | 2088.3 ± 1006.7 |
| Vitamin B12, mcg/day Mean ± SD | 9.9 ± 3.9 | 34.4 ± 97.6 | 46.3 ± 121.7 | 28.6 ± 83.5 | 37.3 ± 113.9 | 32.0 ± 88.9 | 54.8 ± 139.0 | 17.1 ± 51.2 | 29.7 ± 93.5 | 82.6 ± 161.2 |
| Prudent pattern score Mean ± SD | −0.55 ± 0.82 | −0. 21 ± 0.93 | 0.12 ± 1.01 | 0.16 ± 1.07 | 0.44 ± 0.99 | −0.19 ± 0.92 | −0.24 ± 0.77 | 0.15 ± 1.18 | −0.09 ± 1.00 | 0.15 ± 0.76 |
| Western pattern score Mean ± SD | −0.04 ± 0.88 | −0.16 ± 0.95 | 0.02 ± 0.80 | 0.10 ± 0.96 | 0.54 ± 1.15 | −0.08 ± 0.96 | −0.07 ± 0.94 | 0.01 ± 0.91 | 0.04 ± 0.92 | 0.27 ± 1.09 |
| Partner characteristics | ||||||||||
| Age, years Mean ± SD | 35.7 ± 4.4 | 36.5 ± 4.7 | 37.2 ± 6.5 | 36.5 ± 3.7 | 38.0 ± 6.2 | 37.6 ± 5.5 | 36.5 ± 6.3 | 35.6 ± 4.3 | 36.5 ± 4.3 | 38.2 ± 3.9 |
| BMI, kg/m2 Mean ± SD | 26.9 ± 3.4 | 27.5 ± 4.4 | 26.7 ± 3.5 | 26.6 ± 3.8 | 28.4 ± 2.6 | 26.8 ± 4.0 | 26.9 ± 3.3 | 26.9 ± 4.1 | 27.9 ± 4.0 | 28.4 ± 3.9 |
| Ever smoker, N (%) | 8 (42.1) | 15 (20.3) | 15 (38.5) | 15 (36.6) | 7 (63.6) | 12 (22.6) | 11 (36.7) | 17 (28.8) | 18 (51.4) | 2 (28.6) |
| Caffeine intake, mg/day Mean ± SD | 224.4 ± 174.1 | 194.9 ± 124.8 | 216.4 ± 126.5 | 176.1 ± 112.4 | 225.2 ± 125.8 | 168.2 ± 127.4 | 229.9 ± 153.5 | 199.4 ± 134.0 | 219.6 ± 199.0 | 219.6 ± 116.4 |
| Alcohol intake, g/day Mean ± SD | 6.0 ± 9.4 | 10.7 ± 10.0 | 16.9 ± 9.8 | 22.0 ± 14.4 | 21.9 ± 13.6 | 11.8 ± 10.8 | 15.5 ± 11.7 | 15.5 ± 11.8 | 17.0 ± 15.4 | 17.0 ± 15.5 |
| Reproductive characteristics | ||||||||||
| Initial infertility diagnosis, N (%) | ||||||||||
| Male factor | 12 (37.5) | 43 (33.9) | 17 (27.0) | 21 (29.2) | 9 (47.4) | 29 (31.2) | 20 (41.7) | 30 (30.3) | 18 (32.1) | 5 (29.4) |
| Diminished ovarian reserve | 2 (6.2) | 14 (11.0) | 4 (6.3) | 2 (2.8) | 1 (5.3) | 8 (8.6) | 6 (12.5) | 5 (5.0) | 1 (1.8) | 3 (17.6) |
| Endometriosis | 5 (15.6) | 4 (3.1) | 1 (1.6) | 2 (2.8) | 2 (10.5) | 6 (6.4) | 2 (4.2) | 2 (2.0) | 4 (7.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| Ovulatory | 2 (6.2) | 11 (8.7) | 5 (9.7) | 11 (15.3) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (5.4) | 6 (15.5) | 11 (11.1) | 5 (8.9) | 2 (11.8) |
| Tubal | 4 (12.5) | 6 (4.7) | 3 (4.8) | 9 (12.5) | 2 (10.5) | 6 (6.4) | 3 (6.2) | 8 (8.1) | 6 (10.7) | 1 (6.0) |
| Uterine | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (4.8) | 1 (1.4) | 1 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (3.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.8) |
| Unexplained | 7 (21.9) | 49 (38.6) | 30 (47.6) | 26 (36.1) | 4 (21.1) | 39 (41.9) | 11 (22.9) | 40 (40.4) | 22 (39.3) | 4 (23.5) |
| Initial treatment protocol, N (%) | ||||||||||
| Antagonist | 6 (18.7) | 13 (10.2) | 5 (7.9) | 9 (12.5) | 3 (15.8) | 14 (15.1) | 3 (6.3) | 8 (8.1) | 8 (14.3) | 3 (17.7) |
| Flare | 3 (9.4) | 15 (11.8) | 5 (7.9) | 8 (11.1) | 4 (21.1) | 11 (11.8) | 7 (14.6) | 9 (9.1) | 6 (10.7) | 2 (11.8) |
| Luteal phase agonist | 23 (71.9) | 99 (78.0) | 53 (84.1) | 55 (76.4) | 12 (63.2) | 68 (73.1) | 38 (79.2) | 82 (82.8) | 42 (75.0) | 12 (70.6) |
| Day three FSH, IU/L mean ± SD | 7.31 ± 2.15 | 7.49 ± 3.12 | 7.21 ± 2.28 | 6.85 ± 1.89 | 7.84 ± 2.07 | 7.42 ± 2.50 | 7.81 ± 3.44 | 6.99 ± 2.53 | 7.14 ± 1.78 | 7.28 ± 2.37 |
| Previous IVF at MGH, N (%) | 12 (37.5) | 30 (23.6) | 18 (28.6) | 14 (19.4) | 3 (15.8) | 26 (28.0) | 15 (31.2) | 23 (23.2) | 10 (17.9) | 3 (17.6) |
| Previous IUI at MGH, N (%) | 11 (34.4) | 53 (41.7) | 24 (38.1) | 31 (43.1) | 3 (15.8) | 42 (45.2) | 20 (41.7) | 38 (38.4) | 18 (32.1) | 4 (25.5) |
EARTH: Environment and Reproductive Health; FFQ: Food Frequency Questionnaire; MGH: Massachusetts General Hospital.