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Whole chromosome painting in male (a) and female (b) metaphase plates of Hoplias malabaricus (karyomorph F) combining the HMA-X probe (X chromosome of karyomorph B - green) and the HMA-1 probe (chromosome 1 of karyomorph F - red) highlighting the independent origin of the sex chromosomes of these karyomorphs. Scale bar represents 5 µm. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this paper.)
