Table 4.
Results of Multilevel Mixed-Effects Logistic Regression Evaluating the Effects of Clinic Return Intervals on Subsequent Missed Visits, Gaps in Medications, and Lost to Follow-up
| Missed Visit | Gap in Medication | Lost to Follow-up | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | aOR (95% CI) |
% | aOR (95% CI) |
% | aOR (95% CI) |
|
| Appointment Interval | ||||||
| <3 weeks | 45.6 | 2.57 (2.46–2.69) |
35.3 | 1.94 (1.84–2.03) |
8.5 | 1.55 (1.43–1.67) |
| 1 month | 25.7 | 1.0 (reference) |
22.1 | 1.0 (reference) |
4.9 | 1.0 (reference) |
| 2 months | 20.7 | 0.75 (0.74–0.77) |
19.5 | 0.91 (0.89–0.93) |
4.9 | 0.87 (0.83–0.91) |
| 3 months | 14.5 | 0.50 (0.49–0.52) |
15.0 | 0.69 (0.67–0.70) |
4.3 | 0.79 (0.76–0.82) |
| 4–5 months | 12.6 | 0.40 (0.37–0.45) |
14.6 | 0.61 (0.55–0.68) |
3.2 | 0.52 (0.43–0.63) |
| 6 months | 7.2 | 0.20 (0.17–0.24) |
11.6 | 0.47 (0.39–0.57) |
2.6 | 0.41 (0.31–0.54) |
| Male sex | 1.10 (1.08–1.12) |
1.11 (1.09–1.13) |
1.2 (1.16–1.24) |
|||
| Age, per 10-year increase | 0.96 (0.95–0.97) |
0.94 (0.93–0.95) |
0.90 (0.88–0.91) |
|||
| Last CD4, per 50 cell/μL increase | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) |
1.00a (1.00–1.00) |
0.99b (0.99–1.0) |
|||
| Years since antiretroviral therapy initiation | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) |
1.01 (1.00–1.01) |
1.00c (0.99–1.01) |
|||
Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval
Restricted cubic splines of patients’ prior retention history (medication possession ratio, percentage of visits missed, and percentage of visits that led to loss to follow-up) and time (to account for secular trends) were also included as covariates in all models.
All P values are <.001, except aP = .012, bP = .001, cP = .999.