Table 1.
Comparison of Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics Between Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)–Naive and ART-Experienced Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Inpatients at Admission
| Kenya (n = 331)a | DRC (n = 376)a | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Late Presentersb | ART >6 mo | Late Presentersb | ART >6 mo | |||
| Characteristic | No Prior ART | ART <6 mo | No Prior ART | ART <6 mo | ||
| Age, y | ||||||
| 13–29 | 51 (43.6) | 20 (33.9) | 42 (27.1) | 17 (20.7) | 4 (4.9) | 36 (17.1) |
| 30–49 | 55 (47.0) | 33 (55.9) | 85 (54.8) | 52 (63.4) | 56 (68.3) | 127 (60.2) |
| ≥50 | 11 (9.4) | 6 (10.1) | 28 (18.1) | 13 (15.9) | 22 (26.8) | 48 (22.8) |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 50 (42.7) | 33 (55.9) | 78 (50.3) | 27 (33.3) | 29 (35.4) | 67 (31.6) |
| Female | 67 (53.3) | 26 (44.1) | 77 (49.7) | 54 (66.7) | 53 (64.6) | 145 (68.4) |
| WHO stage | ||||||
| 1/2 | 46 (39.2) | 10 (17.0) | 30 (19.5) | 3 (3.8) | 2 (2.5) | 6 (3.0) |
| 3/4 | 71 (60.6) | 124 (80.0) | 124 (80.5) | 76 (96.2) | 79 (97.5) | 193 (97.0) |
| CD4 count, cells/µL | ||||||
| >500 | 25 (21.4) | 4 (6.8) | 19 (12.3) | 4 (5.2) | 3 (4.0) | 10 (5.2) |
| 200–499 | 22 (18.7) | 14 (23.7) | 35 (22.5) | 12 (15.6) | 17 (22.7) | 47 (24.6) |
| 100–199 | 18 (15.3) | 11 (18.6) | 29 (18.7) | 5 (6.5) | 12 (16.0) | 32 (16.8) |
| <100 | 51 (43.6) | 30 (50.8) | 71 (45.8) | 56 (72.7) | 43 (57.3) | 102 (53.4) |
| HIV-1 RNA quantification | ||||||
| Result available, No. | … | … | 54 | 52 | 60 | 171 |
| VL >1000 copies/mL | … | … | 63.0% | 47 (90.4) | 22 (36.7) | 106 (62.0) |
| Knowledge of HIV status | ||||||
| Undiagnosed at admission | 47 (40.1) | … | … | NAd | … | … |
| Treatment interruptionsc | … | 0 | 7 | … | 6 | 40 |
| ART regimen | ||||||
| NNRTI-based (first line) | … | 59 | 140 (90.3) | … | 80 (100) | 156 (75.4) |
| PI-based (second line) | … | 0 | 15 (9.7) | … | 0 (0) | 51 (24.6) |
| Total | 117 | 59 | 155 | 82 | 82 | 212 |
Data are presented as No. (%) unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; DRC, Democratic Republic of Congo; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; NA, not applicable; NNRTI, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor; VL, viral load; WHO, World Health Organization.
aSeven patients in Kenya and 35 in DRC not included in totals because of missing ART start date.
bART-naive late presenters include both those who had and had not been previously diagnosed.
cSelf-reported for any reason including drug toxicity, sociocultural reasons (fear, stigma, etc), stockouts, adherence.
dNot applicable; all patients are diagnosed at admission as it is an HIV hospital only.