Table 5.
Population-Attributable Fraction of Modifiable Risk Factors for Severe Influenza
| Risk Factor | Proportion of Case Patients Exposed, % | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P Value | Adjusted Population-Attributable Fraction (95% CI), % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HIV infection | 70 | 4.98 (2.09–11.88) | <.001 | 56.7 (42.3–67.4) |
| Sanitation facility | ||||
| None/non-VIP toilet | 39 | 3.14 (1.25–7.84) | .01 | 40.9 (20.5–56.0) |
| VIP/flush toilet | 61 | 1 | ||
| Difficulties obtaining food | ||||
| Never | 50 | 1 | … | |
| 1–2 times/wk | 38 | 1.15 (0.47–2.84) | 6 (−40.9 to 38.0) | |
| >2 times/wk | 12 | 20.85 (1.97–221.16) | .01 | 12.0 (10.3–13.7) |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; OR, odds ratio; VIP, ventilated improved pit latrine.