Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Study Cohort
| Characteristic | HIV-Infected (n = 134) | HIV-Uninfected (n = 79) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y, median (IQR) | 55 (51–62) | 57 (52–64) | .24 |
| Gender, No. (%) | .79 | ||
| Female | 9 (6.7) | 6 (7.6) | |
| Male | 125 (93.3) | 73 (92.4) | |
| Ethnicity, No. (%) | .03 | ||
| Black African | 16 (12.0) | 2 (2.6) | |
| White | 117 (88.0) | 76 (97.4) | |
| Sexuality, No. (%) | .45 | ||
| MSM | 104 (77.6) | 59 (74.7) | |
| Bisexual | 10 (7.5) | 4 (5.1) | |
| Heterosexual | 18 (13.4) | 16 (20.2) | |
| Years of education, median (IQR) | 14 (13–16) | 16 (14–17) | .23 |
| Cardiovascular disease, No. (%) | |||
| Hypertensiona | 56 (42.1) | 30 (38.5) | .66 |
| Myocardial infarction | 2 (1.5) | 3 (3.8) | .36 |
| Type 1 diabetes | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NA |
| Type 2 diabetes | 10 (7.5) | 5 (6.3) | 1.00 |
| BMI, kg/m2, median (IQR) | 24.6 (22.6–27.4) | 24.6 (23.3–28.4) | .30 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 5.28 (5.11–5.45) | 5.33 (5.11–5.55) | .51 |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 1.26 (1.07–1.50) | 1.30 (1.07–1.57) | .51 |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 2.99 (2.83–3.16) | 3.14 (2.83–3.16) | .30 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 1.70 (1.15–2.53) | 1.51 (1.07–2.25) | .20 |
| Smoking status, No. (%) | .24 | ||
| Current smoker | 40 (29.9) | 20 (25.3) | |
| Ex-smoker | 58 (43.2) | 29 (36.7) | |
| Never smoker | 36 (26.9) | 30 (38.0) | |
| Alcohol consumption, No. (%) | .04 | ||
| Current drinker | 104 (77.6) | 71 (89.9) | |
| Previous drinker | 18 (13.4) | 3 (3.8) | |
| Never drunk | 12 (9.0) | 4 (5.1) | |
| Use of recreational drugs in past 6 mo, No. (%) | 44 (32.8) | 18 (22.8) | .16 |
| CD4+ count, cells/µL, median (IQR) | 618 (472–806) | 900 (692–1174) | <.01 |
| CD4+:CD8+ cell count ratio, median (IQR) | 0.84 (0.60–1.12) | 2.01 (1.44–2.64) | <.01 |
| Nadir CD4+ count, cells/µL, median (IQR) | 180 (90–250) | NA | |
| Years since HIV diagnosis, median (IQR) | 15.0 (9.1–20.0) | NA | |
| Duration of ART, y, median (IQR) | 12.5 (7.4–16.9) | NA | |
| HIV RNA <200 copies/mL, No. (%) | 134 (100) | NA | |
| Prior clinical AIDS, No. (%) | 42 (31.3) | NA | |
| Likely route of HIV transmission, No. (%) | NA | ||
| MSM | 115 (85.8) | ||
| Heterosexual sex | 15 (11.2) | ||
| IVDU/Blood product | 1 (0.8) | ||
| Unknown | 3 (2.2) | ||
P values calculated using the χ2 test, Fisher exact test, or Wilcoxon rank-sum test as appropriate.
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; BMI, body mass index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein, HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IQR, interquartile range; IVDU, intravenous drug use; LDL, low-density lipoprotein, MSM, men who have sex with men, NA, not applicable.
aHypertension was defined by either 3 measurements of systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg, 3 measurements of diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg, or use of blood pressure–lowering medication.