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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 May 30.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2017 Nov 22;551(7682):648–652. doi: 10.1038/nature24661

Figure 4. Gut bacteria-driven modulation of mouse serum metabolites alters host immune activation and intestinal permeability.

Figure 4

a, Tryptophan metabolism by C. sporogenes. b–e, Germ-free (GF) mice were mono-colonized with the wild-type strain or the fldC mutant. b, Altered tryptophan metabolites in fldC-colonized mice. c, Immune cell subsets in peripheral blood analysed using mass cytometry (CyTOF). d, e, Bacterial indirect ELISA. f, Defined community experiment. g–i, Germ-free mice were colonized with organisms listed in f, including either WT or fldC mutant C. sporogenes. g, h, IPA was quantified in serum (g) or caecal contents (h) by LC-MS/MS. i, FITC-dextran intestinal permeability. b–e, g–i, Box and whisker plots show median values, 25th–75th percentiles and range for n = 5 biological replicates. b–e, i, P values are shown from two-tailed, unpaired t-tests.