. 2017 Nov 20;21(4):655–668. doi: 10.1017/S1368980017002956

Table 5.

Factors influencing complementary feeding (CF) practices in Pakistan

Family level
Promoters	Number of studies and references	Barriers	Number of studies and references
More educated mothers	Four studies⁽ ¹³ ^, ¹⁵ ^, ²⁹ ^, ³⁶ ⁾	Lack of maternal knowledge of CF	Five studies⁽ ²⁸ ^, ³² ^, ³⁴ ^– ³⁶ ⁾
Literate mothers	One study⁽ ¹⁵ ⁾	Cultural beliefs	Four studies⁽ ²⁹ ^, ³¹ ^, ³⁵ ^, ³⁷ ⁾
Mother who had 4+ antenatal visits	One study⁽ ¹⁵ ⁾	Higher parity of mother	Three studies⁽ ¹⁵ ^, ¹⁶ ^, ²⁹ ⁾
Having a high level of parenting support	One study⁽ ³¹ ⁾	Insufficient breast milk	Three studies⁽ ²⁹ ^, ³³ ^, ³⁶ ⁾
		Lack of maternal time	Two studies⁽ ²⁹ ^, ³⁵ ⁾
		Mother in employment	Two studies⁽ ¹⁵ ^, ²⁷ ⁾
		Mother becomes pregnant during CF period	Two studies⁽ ³³ ^, ³⁶ ⁾
		Mothers who had <4 antenatal visits	One study⁽ ¹⁵ ⁾
		Difficulty getting the baby to feed	One study⁽ ³³ ⁾
		Delivery by caesarean section	One study⁽ ¹⁵ ⁾
Organizational level
Promoters	Number of studies and references	Barriers	Number of studies and references
Wealthy households	Three studies⁽ ¹⁵ ^, ¹⁶ ^, ³¹ ⁾	Household poverty	Six studies⁽ ¹³ ^, ¹⁵ ^, ¹⁶ ^, ³¹ ^, ³² ^, ³⁷ ⁾
NGO activity	One study⁽ ³⁴ ⁾	Food affordability and access	Four studies⁽ ²⁶ ^, ²⁹ ^, ³⁰ ^, ³³ ⁾
Improved health education	One study⁽ ²⁸ ⁾	Poor advice from health workers	One study⁽ ³⁶ ⁾
Urban households	One study⁽ ¹⁵ ⁾	Rural households	One study⁽ ¹⁵ ⁾

NGO, non-governmental organization.