Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Variables | N = 98 |
|---|---|
| Age, years | 63 (54–72) |
| Sex, male | 60 (61.2) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 21.1 (18.1–24.3) |
| Comorbidity | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 10 (10.2) |
| Chronic liver disease | 8 (8.2) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 7 (7.1) |
| Congestive heart disease | 6 (6.1) |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 3 (3.1) |
| Poor performance statusa | 35 (35.7) |
| Intubation due to respiratory failure before intervention | 12 (12.2) |
| Primary site of malignancy | |
| Local extension | 63 (64.4) |
| Esophageal cancer | 37 (37.9) |
| Thyroid cancer | 16 (16.3) |
| Head & neck cancer | 10 (10.2) |
| Metastatic disease | 35 (35.6) |
| Renal cell carcinoma | 7 (7.1) |
| Colorectal cancer | 7 (7.1) |
| Lymphoma | 5 (5.1) |
| Othersb | 16 (16.3) |
Data are presented as n (%) or the median (interquartile range)
aAmerican Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status class ≥3 means severe systemic disease with functional limitation
bSarcoma (n = 4), breast cancer (n = 3), hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 3), gastric cancer (n = 1), ovarian cancer (n = 1), neuroblastoma (n = 1), thymic cancer (n = 1), mesothelioma (n = 1), and peripheral nerve sheath tumor (n = 1)