Table 1.
Clinical and metabolic characteristics of obese type 2 diabetes patients with documented coronary artery disease before and after very low calorie diet
| Before VLCD | After VLCD | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| Age (years) | 62.2 ± 6.0 | ||
| Males, n (%) | 22 (82%) | ||
| T2D duration (years) | 11.0 ± 8.5 | ||
| Patients on insulin, n (%) | 12 (44%) | 9 (33%) | |
| Insulin dose (units/day) | 79 ± 36 | 16 ± 12 | |
| Body weight (kg) | 98.5 ± 16.0 | 82.0 ± 14.0 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.2 ± 4.7 | 26.8 ± 4.1 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 111 ± 12 | 93 ± 11 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 146 ± 14 | 129 ± 12 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 83 ± 10 | 75 ± 9 | 0.002 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 68 ± 12 | 60 ± 8 | 0.002 |
| Metabolic characteristics | |||
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 7.4 ± 1.7 | 6.3 ± 1.2 | 0.002 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.9 ± 0.9 | 5.8 ± 0.5 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 51 ± 10 | 40 ± 6 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.80 ± 0.89 | 1.17 ± 0.43 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.18 ± 0.86 | 3.82 ± 0.67 | 0.018 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.18 ± 0.28 | 1.32 ± 0.34 | 0.001 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.18 ± 0.71 | 1.97 ± 0.60 | 0.088 |
| NEFA (mmol/L) | 0.61 ± 0.25 | 0.59 ± 0.29 | 0.836 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 30 ± 10 | 24 ± 11 | 0.024 |
| AST (IU/L) | 25 ± 7 | 22 ± 7 | 0.057 |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 1.7 (4.5) | 1.1 (3.0) | 0.107 |
Data are means ± SD or median (interquartile range), n = 27. p value before vs. after diet based on a paired sample t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test
ALT alanine transaminase, AST aspartate transaminase, hs-CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, IU International unit