Table 3.

Association of variables with 30-day anticoagulation initiation for high-risk patients (ATRIA score ≥7) with atrial fibrillation and flutter discharged home from the emergency department

Variable	Anticoagulation initiation in ED or within 30 days
	Univariate models		Multivariable model
	Odds ratio*	95% CI	Adjusted odds ratio*	95% CI
Age, per year	0.93	0.89, 0.96	0.89	0.82, 0.96
Gender
Female	Reference	--	Reference	--
Male	0.65	0.41, 1.04	1.58	0.91, 2.74
Race
White	Reference	--	Reference	--
Non-white	1.27	0.69, 2.34	0.85	0.42, 1.74
Clinical characteristics at index ED visit
Rhythm diagnosis
AF, any	Reference	--	Reference	--
AFL, isolated	3.18	1.38, 7.33	2.20	0.84, 5.77
AF/FL history
Prior AF/FL diagnosis	Reference	--	Reference	--
New AF/FL diagnosis	2.93	1.81, 4.73	3.10	1.72, 5.58
Onset of symptoms
Recent-onset (<48 hrs)	Reference	--	Reference	--
Not recent (≥48 hrs)	2.06	1.15, 3.69	2.31	1.03, 5.21
Unclear	1.54	0.91, 2.62	1.10	0.54, 2.23
AF/AFL categorization
Chronic/unremitting	Reference	--	Reference	--
Intermittent/recurrent	2.61	1.19, 5.74	4.56	1.65, 12.60
Unclear	3.44	1.42, 8.38	3.43	1.14, 10.34
ED cardiologist consultation
No	Reference	--	Reference	--
Yes	2.47	1.54, 3.96	1.89	1.10,3.23
ED discharge rhythm
Sinus rhythm	Reference	--	Reference	--
AF/FL	1.67	1.05, 2.64	2.65	1.35, 5.21
ATRIA stroke risk
Score, per point increase above 6	0.90	0.84, 0.96	1.10	0.96, 1.26
HAS-BLED hemorrhage risk score
Score, per point increase	0.86	0.73, 1.02
Categorical
Low risk (<3)	Reference	--
High risk (≥3)	0.59	0.34, 1.01

ED, emergency department; AF, atrial fibrillation; AFL, atrial flutter; AF/FL, atrial fibrillation or flutter; ATRIA, Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation; HAS-BLED, Hypertension, Abnormal renal/liver function, Stroke, Bleeding history or predisposition, Labile international normalized ratio, Elderly (>65 years), Drugs or alcohol; CI, confidence interval.

^*Reference group includes individuals with no anticoagulation initiation by 30 days after the index ED visit.