Fig 1. Survival of Cimex lectularius during heat stress.

Survival during long (3 weeks) or short (2 weeks) heat stress in constant or disrupted temperatures. Numbers in brackets show percentage final survival of nymphs (left) and adults (right) in each treatment on day 21. * denotes significant difference in survival between adults and nymphs during the whole heat stress period (Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, p < 0.05). Otherwise, the data of nymphs and adults were pooled. The dashed vertical line indicates where thermal stress was terminated in the short treatments. The total treatment period was 21 days, and bed bugs in the short treatments spent the last 7 days at 22°C. Different letters (a, b, c, and d) denote significant differences (Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, p < 0.05) in survival between different heat treatments within each length-long/short combination. Rectangles indicate differences in mortality after experiencing a total of 6 (light grey) and 9 (dark grey) days at high temperatures.