Table 4.
Responsiveness of T cells to in vitro re-stimulation with flu vaccine.
| CD25 (%) Total T cells t |
CD25 (%) CD4+ T cells t |
CD25 (%) CD8+ T cells t |
CD25 MFI Total T cells t |
CD25 MFI CD4+ T cells t |
CD25 MFI CD8+ T cells t |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Young (n = 58) | Placebo | Baseline | 9.3 ± 0.6 | 9.2 ± 0.6 | 6.9 ± 0.6 | 329 ± 35 | 389 ± 43 | 99 ± 19 |
| 6 weeks | 11.8 ± 1.0 | 11.2 ± 0.9 | 9.6 ± 1.0 | 392 ± 57 | 447 ± 63 | 171 ± 23 | ||
| 8 weeks | 12.2 ± 1.3 | 11.3 ± 1.2 | 10.6 ± 1.5 | 386 ± 58 | 420 ± 67 | 186 ± 27 | ||
| Synbiotic | Baseline | 10.1 ± 0.6 | 9.5 ± 0.5 | 8.6 ± 0.7 | 332 ± 44 | 353 ± 38 | 154 ± 30 | |
| 6 weeks | 14.0 ± 0.9 | 12.9 ± 0.9 | 12.6 ± 0.8 | 476 ± 58 | 533 ± 64 | 225 ± 28 | ||
| 8 weeks | 11.3 ± 0.8 | 11.1 ± 1.0 | 9.8 ± 0.7 | 379 ± 54 | 427 ± 55 | 159 ± 22 | ||
| Older (n = 54) | Placebo | Baseline | 8.6 ± 1.3 | 7.2 ± 1.6 | 11.7 ± 2.3 | 397 ± 77 | 307 ± 136 | 621 ± 210 |
| 6 weeks | 12.6 ± 1.8 | 11.0 ± 1.9 | 13.9 ± 2.2 | 725 ± 129 | 537 ± 130 | 852 ± 254 | ||
| 8 weeks | 13.0 ± 1.9 | 11.7 ± 2.1 | 14.1 ± 2.4 | 710 ± 156 | 577 ± 188 | 782 ± 244 | ||
| Synbiotic | Baseline | 7.9 ± 1.5 | 7.9 ± 1.6 | 7.2 ± 1.9 | 324 ± 104 | 427 ± 180 | 267 ± 113 | |
| 6 weeks | 10.4 ± 2.0 | 10.6 ± 2.2 | 8.5 ± 2.1 | 483 ± 98 | 621 ± 174 | 252 ± 91 | ||
| 8 weeks | 11.9 ± 2.4 | 12.0 ± 2.6 | 10.6 ± 2.6 | 527 ± 121 | 798 ± 286 | 301 ± 77 | ||
Data are mean ± SE for n = 58 young and n = 54 older subjects and were analysed using a Linear Mixed Model (LMM) with fixed factors of time (repeated measures), age and treatment. There was no significant effect of either age or treatment for either cohort. t Denotes a significant main effect of time (P < 0.01 at least) for the combined cohorts. When the effect of time was examined separately in the young cohort, there were significant effects of vaccination in all T cell subsets (P < 0.01 at least), but this was not the case in the older cohort.