Table 2.

Hazard ratios of myocardial infarction and stroke, according to categories of total fish, fatty fish, lean fish and shellfish consumption in 2225 women and men with type 2 diabetes, the Cohort of Swedish Men and the Swedish Mammography Cohort 1998–2012.

	Myocardial infarction				Ptrend	Stroke				Ptrend
Total fisha servings (median)	≤3/month (0.5/week)	1–<2/week (1.4/week)	2–3/week (2.4/week)	>3/week (3.5/week)		≤3/month (0.5/week)	1–<2/week (1.4/week)	2–3/week (2.4/week)	>3/week (3.5/week)
No. of cases	48	130	107	48		31	135	94	61
Person-years	2569	10,913	8548	4157		2569	10,913	8548	4157
Age- and sex-adjusted	1.00 (ref)	0.63 (0.45–0.88)	0.65 (0.46–0.92)	0.57 (0.38–0.85)	0.05	1.00 (ref)	0.99 (0.67–1.47)	0.87 (0.58–1.30)	1.05 (0.68–1.62)	0.94
Multivariable modelb	1.00 (ref)	0.66 (0.47–0.92)	0.67 (0.47–0.96)	0.60 (0.39–0.92)	0.08	1.00 (ref)	1.02 (0.68–1.51)	0.89 (0.58–1.35)	1.04 (0.66–1.64)	0.86
Herring/mackerel servings (median)	<1/month (0/week)	1–3/month (0.5/week)	≥1/week (1.5/week)			<1/month (0/week)	1–3/month (0.5/week)	≥1/week (1.5/week)
No. of cases	77	182	74			65	166	90
Person-years	4983	14,666	6538			4983	14,666	6538
Age- and sex-adjusted	1.00 (ref)	0.81 (0.62–1.06)	0.68 (0.49–0.93)		0.03	1.00 (ref)	0.90 (0.68–1.20)	0.95 (0.69–1.32)		0.99
Multivariable modelb	1.00 (ref)	0.89 (0.67–1.18)	0.70 (0.50–0.98)		0.03	1.00 (ref)	0.87 (0.64–1.18)	0.89 (0.63–1.25)		0.67
Salmon/whitefish/char servings (median)	<1/month (0/week)	1–3/month (0.5/week)	≥1/week (1.5/week)			<1/month (0/week)	1–3/month (0.5/week)	≥1/week (1.5/week)
No. of cases	157	148	28			137	149	35
Person-years	10,860	12,836	2491			10,860	12,836	2491
Age- and sex-adjusted	1.00 (ref)	0.87 (0.69–1.09)	0.79 (0.53–1.18)		0.18	1.00 (ref)	1.05 (0.83–1.33)	1.11 (0.77–1.61)		0.55
Multivariable modelb	1.00 (ref)	0.94 (0.74–1.20)	0.86 (0.57–1.31)		0.46	1.00 (ref)	1.02 (0.80–1.32)	1.05 (0.71–1.55)		0.80
Cod/saithe/fish fingers servings (median)	<1/month (0/week)	1–3/month (0.5/week)	≥1/week (1.5/week)			<1/month (0/week)	1–3/month (0.5/week)	≥1/week (1.5/week)
No. of cases	48	146	139			35	145	141
Person-years	2590	12,808	10,789			2590	12,808	10,789
Age- and sex-adjusted	1.00 (ref)	0.62 (0.45–0.86)	0.69 (0.50–0.96)		0.54	1.00 (ref)	0.84 (0.58–1.22)	0.93 (0.64–1.35)		0.69
Multivariable modelb	1.00 (ref)	0.64 (0.46–0.90)	0.75 (0.53–1.05)		0.89	1.00 (ref)	0.86 (0.58–1.25)	0.94 (0.64–1.39)		0.71
Shellfish servings (median)	<1/month (0/week)	1–3/month (0.5/week)	≥1/week (1.5/week)			<1/month (0/week)	1–3/month (0.5/week)	≥1/week (1.5/week)
No. of cases	139	160	34			113	168	40
Person-years	8582	14,713	2892			8582	14,713	2892
Age- and sex-adjusted	1.00 (ref)	0.77 (0.61–0.97)	0.81 (0.56–1.18)		0.17	1.00 (ref)	1.09 (0.85–1.38)	1.26 (0.88–1.81)		0.21
Multivariable modelb	1.00 (ref)	0.80 (0.62–1.03)	0.85 (0.57–1.28)		0.35	1.00 (ref)	1.13 (0.87–1.47)	1.23 (0.83–1.82)		0.30

^aTotal fish is the sum of herring/mackerel, salmon/whitefish/char and cod/saithe/fish fingers.

^bAdjusted for attained age, sex, time since diabetes diagnosis (years, continuous), BMI (kg/m²; <20, 20–24.9, 25–29.9,≥30) , physical activity (<20, 20–40, >40 min of walking or bicycling per day), education (primary school, high school, university), cigarette smoking (never, former <10 pack-years or ≥10 pack-years, current <20 pack-years or ≥20 pack-years), total energy intake (kcal/day; sex-specific quartiles), alcohol (g/day, sex-specific quartiles), history of high cholesterol (yes/no), history of hypertension (yes/no) and DASH diet component score (based on intake of fruits, vegetables, nuts and legumes, low-fat dairy, whole grains, sodium, sweetened beverages, and red and processed meats; quartiles). Individual fish and shellfish items were mutually adjusted.