Table 2.

Key Elements of Critical Care Organizations

Element	Core Features	General Goals for Integration
Patient Care and Safety	Clinical Operations Education and Event Review Information Technology and the EMR	Improve consistency of patient care across multiple ICUs Facilitate and enhance multi-disciplinary solutions to complex clinical problems Enhance the capability and synchrony of critical care faculty to provide institutional support during times of surge Coordinate selection and implementation of innovation and technology applications in patient care
Quality Improvement	Metrics Design and Implementation Education Information Technology and the EMR	Align specific metrics of the CCO quality improvement program with the institution program goals Strengthen multidisciplinary contributions to refine and improve multiple ICU quality improvement programs Leverage effective patient databases to serve all the institution’s ICUs
Research	Program Development, Leadership, and Administration Productivity and Funding Research Education	Increase the number and quality of studies that will advance knowledge and improve the delivery of value-based Critical Care Provide opportunities and professional recognition/advancement for staff that contribute to research endeavors Include scholarly activity and research among topics for regularly scheduled staff conferences and discussions Support efforts to fund research including efforts by professional societies that represent critical care professionals
Education	Program Development, Leadership, and Administration Clinical Didactic Innovation and Research	Create a shared identity amongst Critical Care trainees of all disciplines as integral parts of the CCO team Enhance Critical Care provider teamwork through interdisciplinary clinical and didactic training opportunities Create an environment that fosters teaching innovations, discovery, and outreach to learner groups outside the CCO Optimize educational methods to provide cost savings and potential revenue through collaborative efforts
Professional Development	Broad-based Training Development Tracks Mentorship Productivity	Create a sustainable pool of interdisciplinary expertise pertaining to all aspects of Critical Care Provide a structured pathway for promotion and other means of professional advancement Identify and develop future leaders of CCOs and of Critical Care in general Improve job satisfaction, reduce turnover, and enhance overall academic productivity