Table 1.

Genotoxic, cytotoxic, teratogenic and embryotoxic effects of clomiphene citrate

Test Substance	Test material	Results	References
Clomid (containing clomiphene citrate)	E. coli uvrA, recA and wild-type	Increased DNA strand breaks	Ohnishi et al. (1986)
Clomiphene citrate	S. typhimurium TA 97, 100, 1538	Incraesed frameshift mutations no icrease in base pair substitution type mutations	Ohnishi et al. (1986)
Clomiphene citrate	E. coli PolA− PolA+	Increased genolethal DNA damage	Ohnishi et al. (1986)
Clomiphene citrate	Rat bone marrow cells	Increased micronucleus formation	Duran et al. (2006)
Clomiphene citrate	E. coli TA 97, TA 100	No evidence for Frameshift mutations and base pair substitution type mutations	Yilmaz et al. (2014)
Clomiphene citrate	Human lymphocytes	Significantly incraesed chromosomal aberrations micronucleus sister chromatid exchanges	Yilmaz et al. (2014)
Clomiphene citrate	Human prostate cancer cells	Mild cytotoxicity	Jiann et al. (2002)
Clomiphene citrate	Breast cancer cells	Apoptotic	Elloumi-Mseddi et al. (2015)
Clomiphene citrate	Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells	Cytotoxic	Costa et al. (2012)
Clomiphene citrate	Pregnant mouse	Embryotoxic teratogenic	Ara and Asmatullah (2011)