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. 2018 Mar 8;9:133. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00133

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Copyright © 2018 Tanaka, Ogawa, Mukai, Sato, Hamazaki, Nagamura-Inoue, Harada-Shiba, Shintaku and Tsuji.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Human brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) detection in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 24 h after injection. No BDNF was detected in the control group. Only one of the 13 mice treated with umbilical cord-derived MSCs showed elevated human BDNF levels in CSF. Some mice in the vehicle group showed a minimal equivocal level of BDNF (control n = 6, vehicle n = 6, and UC-MSC n = 13).