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. 2018 Mar 14;8:4529. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-22574-5

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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GRS poorly discriminates African American (AFR) subjects with type 1 diabetes and high-risk relatives from controls and lower-risk relatives. (A) GRS was higher among type 1 diabetes patients (T1D, n = 84) and at-risk relatives (n = 6) compared to controls (n = 63), second-degree relatives (2° Relatives, n = 28), and first-degree relatives (1° Relatives, n = 118). Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA with Dunn’s posttest *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ****P < 0.0001. (B) Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve shows that the GRS discriminates type 1 diabetes patients from control subjects (T1D vs Controls) with 62.96% sensitivity yielding 85.25% specificity (area under curve (AUC) = 0.7522) and type 1 diabetes patients from first-degree relatives (T1D vs Relatives) with 62.96% sensitivity yielding 61.54% specificity (AUC = 0.6327). (C) Classifying subjects as T1D or Control. Peak balanced accuracy was determined to be 68.98% at a GRS of 0.233. (D) Classifying subjects as T1D or relatives. Peak balanced accuracy was 60.39% at a GRS of 0.233.