Table 2.
The in vitro antimicrobial activities of extracts and reference drugs against human pathogens.
| Species (Extract) | Assay | Microbial strains | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (μg mL−1) | C.a | C.a1 | C.a2 | C.a3 | C.p | C.g | C.l | C.f | S.a | E.c | P.a | E.f | |
| Cystosphaera jacquinotii (HE) | IC50 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| MIC | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| MMC | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | |
| Cystosphaera jacquinotii (CE) | IC50 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| MIC | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| MMC | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | |
| Cystosphaera jacquinotii (AE) | IC50 | – | – | – | – | 174.4 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 46.75 |
| MIC | – | – | – | – | 500 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 500 | |
| MMC | nd | nd | nd | nd | 500 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | – | |
| Cystosphaera jacquinotii (EE) | IC50 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| MIC | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| MMC | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | |
| Iridea cordata (HE) | IC50 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| MIC | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| MMC | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | |
| Iridea cordata (CE) | IC50 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| MIC | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| MMC | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | |
| Iridea cordata (AE) | IC50 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| MIC | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| MMC | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | |
| Iridea cordata (EE) | IC50 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| MIC | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| MMC | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | |
| Himantothallus grandifolius (HE) | IC50 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| MIC | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| MMC | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | |
| Himantothallus grandifolius (CE) | IC50 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| MIC | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| MMC | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | |
| Himantothallus grandifolius (EA) | IC50 | 49.59 | 46.75 | 17.40 | 4.94 | 19.68 | 29.96 | 13.63 | 25.84 | – | – | – | – |
| MIC | 500 | 250 | 62.5 | 31.25 | 250 | 125 | 62.5 | 125 | – | – | – | – | |
| MMC | 500 | 250 | 62.5 | 31.25 | 250 | 125 | 62.5 | 125 | nd | nd | nd | nd | |
| Himantothallus grandifolius (EE) | IC50 | 334.40 | 172.60 | 101.60 | 39.30 | 136.30 | 295.51 | 269.60 | 29.96 | – | – | – | – |
| MIC | – | – | – | 500 | – | – | – | 125 | – | – | – | – | |
| MMC | nd | nd | nd | 500 | nd | nd | nd | 125 | nd | nd | nd | nd | |
| Pyropia endiviifolia (HE) | IC50 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| MIC | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| MMC | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | |
| Pyropia endiviifolia (CE) | IC50 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| MIC | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| MMC | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | |
| Pyropia endiviifolia (EA) | IC50 | – | 402.91 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| MIC | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| MMC | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | |
| Pyropia endiviifolia (EE) | IC50 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| MIC | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| MMC | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | |
| REFERENCE DRUGS | |||||||||||||
| Fluconazole | IC50 | 5.34 | 21.21 | <1 | <1 | <1 | 14,58 | <1 | <1 | nt | nt | nt | nt |
| MIC | – | – | 1.95 | 31.25 | 3.9 | 125 | 3.9 | 3.9 | nt | nt | nt | nt | |
| MMC | nd | nd | 62.5 | 31.25 | 7.8 | 250 | 7.8 | 3.9 | nt | nt | nt | nt | |
| Chloramphenicol | IC50 | nt | nt | nt | nt | nt | nt | nt | nt | 2.1 | 148.7 | 1.92 | 1.94 |
| MIC | nt | nt | nt | nt | nt | nt | nt | nt | 3.9 | 250 | 3.9 | 3.9 | |
| MMC | nt | nt | nt | nt | nt | nt | nt | nt | 62.5 | 500 | 31.25 | 31.25 | |
| Tetracycline | IC50 | nt | nt | nt | nt | nt | nt | nt | nt | <1 | 36.39 | <1 | <1 |
| MIC | nt | nt | nt | nt | nt | nt | nt | nt | <1 | 62.5 | <1 | <1 | |
| MMC | nt | nt | nt | nt | nt | nt | nt | nt | 3.9 | 500 | 3.9 | 15.62 | |
(–), >500 μg mL−1; nd, not determined, as the MIC was >500 μg mL−1; nt, not tested; HE, Hexane extract; CE, chloroform extract; EA, ethyl acetate extract; EE, ethanol extract;
Microbial strains: Ca, Candida albicans ATCC62342; Ca1, Candida albicans clinical isolate 1; Ca2, Candida albicans clinical isolate 2; Ca3, Candida albicans clinical isolate 3; Cp, Candida parapsilosis clinical isolate; Cg, Candida glabrata clinical isolate; Cl, Candida lipolytica clinical isolate; Cf, Candida famata clinical isolate; Sa, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC19095; Ec, Escherichia coli ATCC29214; Pa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC9027; Ef, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC4083.