Table 1.
Demographic and clinical data of the study population
| Parameter | AD (n = 52) | FTD (n = 59) | DLB/PDD (n = 53) | CONTR (n = 88) | Y-CONTR (n = 32) | Test statistics |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at sampling (y) | 75.5 ± 8.2aa,ddd (56.0–89.1) (n = 52) |
68.8 ± 9.5aa,eee,f,ggg (40.8–83.3) (n = 59) |
76.6 ± 6.0eee,iii (61.5–88.5) (n = 53) |
73.8 ± 10.7f,jjj (50.4–92.8) (n = 88) |
38.2 ± 8.8ddd,ggg,iii,jjj (17.1–50.0) (n = 32) |
X2 = 100.2 P < .00001 |
| MMSE (/30) | 13.7 ± 5.8aa,ccc (3.0–25.0) (n = 39) |
19.1 ± 7.3aa,fff (1.0–30.0) (n = 43) |
17.2 ± 6.6hhh (3.0–28.0) (n = 45) |
28.2 ± 1.6ccc,fff,hhh (24.0–30.0) (n = 39) |
N/A | X2 = 84.2 P < .00001 |
| HDS (/10) | 6.9 ± 1.3ccc (4.2–9.1) (n = 28) |
7.3 ± 1.7fff (2.9–9.8) (n = 31) |
8.0 ± 5.0hhh (2.4–34.0) (n = 32) |
9.7 ± 0.3ccc,fff,hhh (9.1–10.0) (n = 17) |
N/A | X2 = 40.1 P < .00001 |
| BNT (/60) | 24.2 ± 12.5a,bbb,ccc (4.0–48.0) (n = 28) |
34.9 ± 13.4a,fff (1.0–57.0) (n = 35) |
38.3 ± 10.3bbb,hhh (13.0–54.0) (n = 38) |
51.2 ± 4.7ccc,fff,hhh (36.0–57.0) (n = 23) |
N/A | X2 = 53.9 P < .00001 |
| VFT | 20.2 ± 10.6ccc (2.0–45.0) (n = 25) |
25.2 ± 15.2fff (0.0–56.0) (n = 31) |
24.1 ± 9.6hhh (6.0–49.0) (n = 34) |
51.0 ± 13.3ccc,fff,hhh (34.0–90.0) (n = 24) |
N/A | X2 = 48.2 P < .00001 |
| GDetS (/7) | 5.7 ± 0.7aaa,ccc (4.0–7.0) (n = 38) |
4.9 ± 1.0aaa,fff (3.0–7.0) (n = 33) |
5.2 ± 1.0hhh (3.0–7.0) (n = 38) |
1.5 ± 0.6ccc,fff,hhh (1.0–3.0) (n = 39) |
N/A | X2 = 97.5 P < .00001 |
| Gender (Male/Female) | 30/22 | 30/29 | 37/16 | 46/42 | 15/17 | Pearson X2 = 6.4 P = .47 |
| Psychotropic medication (N/Y) | 13/39 | 16/43 | 10/43 | 52/36 | 25/7 | Pearson X2 = 51.1 P < .00001 |
| Anti-Alzheimer's medication (N/Y) | 33/19 | 46/13 | 38/15 | 88/0 | 32/0 | Pearson X2 = 45.4 P < .00001 |
| Anti-Parkinson's medication (N/Y) | 50/2 | 55/4 | 28/25 | 88/0 | 32/0 | Pearson X2 = 90.1 P < .00001 |
| Hypnotic, sedative or anxiolytic medication (N/Y) | 42/10 | 46/13 | 41/12 | 69/19 | 29/3 | Pearson X2 = 2.8 P = .59 |
| Antidepressant medication (N/Y) | 34/18 | 41/18 | 34/19 | 67/21 | 27/5 | Pearson X2 = 6.0 P = .20 |
| Antipsychotic medication (N/Y) | 29/23 | 34/25 | 40/13 | 86/2 | 32/0 | Pearson X2 = 58.1 P < .00001 |
| Antiepileptic medication (N/Y) | 52/0 | 57/2 | 53/0 | 82/6 | 32/0 | Fisher's exact test = 6.6 P = .078 |
NOTE. Data are represented as mean ± SD with minimum-maximum ranges between brackets. Test statistics of the Kruskal–Wallis and chi-square (or Fisher's exact) analysis can be found in the rightmost column, while statistically significant differences with P ≤ .005, P ≤ .001, and P ≤ .0001 after M-W U analysis with post hoc Bonferroni corrections are depicted by one, two, or three superscript letters, respectively. Superscript letters denote differences between following groups, a: AD and FTD, b: AD and DLB/PDD, c: AD and CONTR, d: AD and Y-CONTR, e: FTD and DLB/PDD, f: FTD and CONTR, g: FTD and Y-CONTR, h: DLB/PDD and CONTR, i: DLB/PDD and Y-CONTR, and j: CONTR and Y-CONTR, respectively. Only cognitive test scores of no more than 4 months before date of sampling were included in the analyses.
Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer's disease; BNT, Boston Naming Test; CONTR, controls; DLB/PDD, dementia with Lewy bodies/Parkinson's disease dementia; FTD, frontotemporal dementia; GDetS, Global Deterioration Scale; HDS, Hierarchic Dementia Scale; MMSE, Mini–Mental State Examination; N/A, not applicable; VFT, Verbal Fluency Test; Y-CONTR, young controls.